<!{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-- table at top of page with logo, picture, Application level, Management level, and input-output tables -->box|english_link=Urine Storage Tank / Container|french_link=Réservoir_de_stockage_d’urine|spanish_link=Tanque/Contenedor_para_Almacenamiento_de_Orina|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}
{|width="100%"
|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|
sys1=[[Waterless System with Urine Diversion|4]]|
sys2=[[Biogas System|5]]|sys3=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|89]]|sys3=|
sys4=|
sys5=|
sys7=|
sys8=|
sys9=|
pic=Urine_storage_tank-container.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
Input1=Urine|Input2=Faeces |Input3=| Input4= |Input5=|
Output1=Stored urine| Output2=Faeces | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
|english_link={{PAGENAMEE}}
|french_link=Réservoir_de_stockage_d’urine
|spanish_link=Tanque/Contenedor_para_Almacenamiento_de_Orina
}}
|[[Image:Urine_storage_tank-container.png |right|300px500px]]
|}
[[Image:Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png |right|95px]]<br>'''When urine or faeces cannot be used immediately or transported using a Conveyance Technology (i.e. Jerrycans or oil drums) it can be stored onsite in containers or tanks. The Storage Tank must then be moved or emptied into another container for transport. '''----<br>
[[Image:Oil_drums_and_containersIcon_urine_storage_tank_container.PNG|thumbpng |right|150px|80px]]'''When urine cannot be used immediately or transported using a Conveyance technology (i.e.,[[Oil drums and containers Jerrycan - tank |Oil drums and containersJerrycans]], see C.1), it can be stored onsite in Uganda(containers or tanks. The storage tank must then be moved or emptied into another container for credits, click the picture)]]transport.'''
===Urine===The Storage Tank should be appropriately sized to accommodate the number of users [[Image:Oil_drums_and_containers.PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Oil drums and the time required to sanitise the urine. Urine collected in small containers (up to 20 litres) can be easily transported |Oil drums and used as fertiliser containers]], in Uganda(for credits, click the household's own vegetable garden. Larger containers, filled with urine have to be collected by a vehicle and can therefore be transported over longer distances.picture)]]
The urine storage tank should be appropriately sized to accommodate the number of users and the time required to sanitize the urine. The storage guidelines for urine correspond to the temperature of storage and the intended cropfor which it would be used as fertilizer, but all urine should be stored for at least 1 month before use (see WHO guidelines for specific storage and application guidelines). Smaller volume Storage Tanks If a family’s urine is used to fertilize crops for their own household consumption only, it can be used and transported to another, centralized Storage Tank at, or close to, the point of use (i.e. the farm)directly without storage.
Mobile Storage Tanks should Smaller volume storage tanks can be plastic used and transported to another centralized storage tank at, or fibreglassclose to, but permanent Storage Tanks can be made the point of concrete or plasticuse (i.e. Metal should be avoided as it can be easily corroded by , the high pH of stored urinefarm).
With storage time===Design Considerations=== On average, a layer person generates about 1.2 L of organic sludge and precipitated minerals (primarily calcium and magnesium phosphates) will form urine a day; however, this quantity may vary significantly depending on the bottom climate and fluid consumption. Mobile storage tanks should be made of the tankplastic or fibreglass, but permanent ones can be comprised of concrete or plastic. Any tank used for urine storage Metal should have an opening large enough so that be avoided as it can easily be cleaned and/ or pumped outcorroded by the high pH ofstored urine.
Over time, a layer of organic sludge and precipitated minerals (primarily calcium and magnesium phosphates) will form on the bottom of the tank. Any tank used for urine storage should have an opening large enough so that it can be cleaned and/or pumped out. Neither the Storage Tankstorage tank, nor the collection pipes should be ventilatedto avoid odorous ammonia emissions, but they both need to be pressure equalized. If the Storage Tank storage tank is emptied using directly connected with a vacuum truckpipe to the toilet or urinal, the inflow of air must care should be maintained at a sufficient rate taken to ensure that minimize the tank does not implode due to length of the vacuumpipe since precipitates will accumulate.
If the Storage Tank is connected to the toilet or urinal directly with a pipe, care should be taken to minimize the length of the pipe since precipitates will accumulate. If pipes must be used, they Pipes should have a steep slope (greater than > 1% slope), no sharp angles, and large diameters (up to 110mm 110 mm for underground pipes) and . They should be easily removable accessible in case of blockages. To minimize odours and nitrogen loss, the tank should be filled from the bottom, i.e., the urine should flow down through a pipe and be released near the bottom of the tank. This will prevent the urine from spraying and avoid the backflow of air.
To minimize odours, the tank should be filled from the bottom, i.e. the urine should flow down through a pipe and be released near the bottom of the tank; this will prevent the urine from spraying as well as prevent back-flow.
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing=Faeces"0" align="none"|-! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages|-| valign="top" |- Simple and robust technology <br>- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <br>Oil drums, or half drums, - Low risk of pathogen transmission <br>- Stored urine can be placed directly beneath used as a toilet to collect faeces. Ash fertilizer <br>- Small land area required <br>- No or other drying material has low operating costs if self-emptied| valign="top" |- Mild to be added regularly to prevent smells. Toilet paper can also be collected in the oil drum. strong odour when opening and emptying tank (depending on storage conditions)<br>- May require frequent emptying (depending on tank size)|}
{{procontable | pro<br>===Appropriateness===- Can Urine storage tanks are most appropriate where there is a need for nutrients from fertilizer for agriculture which can be built supplied by the stored urine. When there is no such need, the urine can become a source of pollution and repaired with locally available materials <br>- No electrical energy required <br>- Can a nuisance. Urine storage tanks can be used immediately <br>in virtually every environment; tanks should be well- Small land area required <br>- Low capital sealed to preventleaks, infiltration and operating costs| con= - Mild to strong odour when opening nitrogen loss. Urine storage tanks can be installed indoors, outdoors, above ground and emptying tank (below ground depending on storage conditions)}}the climate, space available, and soil.
==Adequacy=Health Aspects/Acceptance=== Long-term storage is the best way to sanitize urine without the addition of chemicals or mechanical processes. The risk of disease transmission from stored urine is low. Extended storage with storage times greater than 6 months provides near complete sanitization.
Containers are ===Operation & Maintenance=== If the storage tank is emptied using a vacuum truck (see C.3), the inflow of air must be maintained at a sufficient rate to ensure that the tank does not suitable for implode due to the vacuum. A viscous sludge will accumulate on the bottom of thestorage tank. When the storage tank is emptied, the sludge will usually be emptied along with the collection urine, but if a tap is used and the tank is never fully emptied, it may require desludging. The desludging period will depend on the composition of mixed the urine and excretathe storage conditions. Mineral and salt build-up in the tank or in connecting pipes can be manually removed (sometimes with difficulty) or dissolved with a strong acid (24% acetic).
Collection of oil drums === Manual, videos, and containers at community level has to be made functioning beforehand links ===* [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/guidelines-on-sanitation-and measures have to be taken to guarantee hygienic safety. Sizes -health/en/ WHO: Guidelines on sanitation and weights must be manageable.health - 2018]
Long===References ===* Kvarnström, E., Emilsson, K., Richert Stintzing, A., Johansson, M., Jönsson, H., af Petersens, E., Schönning, C., Christensen, J., Hellström, D., Qvarnström, L., Ridderstolpe, P. and Drangert, J.-term storage is the best way to sanitize urine without the addition of chemicals or mechanical processesO. (2006). [http://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-Report-Kvarnstrom-UrineDiversion-2006-1.pdf Urine Diversion: One Step Towards Sustainable Sanitation]. Report 2006–1, EcoSanRes: Ecosan Publications Series, Stockholm, SE.
Urine Storage Tanks can be used in virtually every environment; tanks should be well-sealed to prevent leaks* von Münch, infiltration E. and evaporationWinker, M. (2011). [http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-875-giz2011-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components. Overview of Urine Storage Tanks can be installed indoorsDiversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, outdoorsUrine Diversion Toilets, above ground Urine Storage and below ground depending on the climateReuse Systems]. Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, space availableEschborn, and soilDE.
==Health Aspects * WHO (2006). [https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/gsuweg4/en/ Acceptance==The risk Guidelines for the Safe Use of disease transmission from stored urine is lowWastewater, Excreta and Greywater. Extended storage with storage times greater than 6 months provides near complete sanitationVolume 4: Excreta and Greywater Use in Agriculture]. World Health Organization, Geneva, CH.
==Maintenance=Acknowledgements=A viscous sludge will accumulate on the bottom of the Storage Tank. When the Storage Tank is emptied, the sludge will usually be emptied along with the urine, but if a tap is used and the tank is never fully emptied, it may require desludging. The desludging period will depend on the composition of the urine and the storage conditions. Mineral and salt build-up in the tank or on connecting pipes can be manually removed (sometimes with difficulty) or can be dissolved with a strong acid (24% acetic). == Movie == == Manual - How to build == ==Acknowledgements==
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}
==References and external links==
* GTZ (2007). Technical data sheet, urine diversion: Piping and storage. GTZ, Germany. Available: [http://www.gtz.de www.gtz.de]
* Kvarnström, E., et al. (2006). Urine Diversion - One step towards sustainable sanitation. Report 2006-1. Ecosan Res: Ecosan Publication Series, Stockholm. Available: [http://www.ecosanres.org www.ecosanres.org]
* WHO (2006). Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater- Volume 4: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture. WHO, Geneva. Available: [http://www.who.int www.who.int]
* General information about Oil drums and containers [http://www.gtz.de/ecosan www.gtz.de/ecosan ] [http://www.waste.nl www.waste.nl ]
* The Philippines [http://www.caps.ph www.caps.ph ]
* India [http://www.sulabhinternational.org www.sulabhinternational.org ]