<!{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-- table at top of page with logo, picture, Application level, Management level, and input-output tables -->box|english_link=Urine Storage Tank / Container|french_link=Réservoir_de_stockage_d’urine|spanish_link=Tanque/Contenedor_para_Almacenamiento_de_Orina|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}{|width="100%"|style="width:50%;"|{{santablesantable_new|
sys1=[[Waterless System with Urine Diversion|4]]|
sys2=[[Biogas System|5]]|sys3=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|89]]|sys3=|
sys4=|
sys5=|
sys7=|
sys8=|
sys9=|
pic=Urine_storage_tank-container.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
Output1=Stored urine| Output2=Faeces | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
}}
|[[Image:Urine_storage_tank-container.png |right|500px]]
|}
<br>
----
<br>
[[Image:Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png |right|80px]]
'''When urine cannot be used immediately or transported using a Conveyance technology (i.e.,[[Jerrycan - tank | Jerrycans]], see C.1), it can be stored onsite in containers or tanks. The storage tank must then be moved or emptied into another container for transport.'''
'''When urine or faeces cannot be used immediately or transported using a Conveyance Technology (i[[Image:Oil_drums_and_containers.e. Jerrycans or oil PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Oil drums and containers |Oil drums) it can be stored onsite and containers]], in containers or tanks. The Storage Tank must then be moved or emptied into another container Uganda(for transport. '''credits, click the picture)]]
[[Image:Oil_drums_and_containersThe urine storage tank should be appropriately sized to accommodate the number of users and the time required to sanitize the urine.PNG|thumb|right|150px|[[Oil drums The storage guidelines for urine correspond to the temperature of storage and containers |Oil drums and containers]]the intended crop for which it would be used as fertilizer, in Ugandabut all urine should be stored for at least 1 month before use (see WHO guidelines for specific storage and application guidelines). If a family’s urine is used to fertilize crops for creditstheir own household consumption only, click the picture)]]it can be used directly without storage.
===Urine===The Storage Tank should Smaller volume storage tanks can be appropriately sized used and transported to another centralized storage tank at, or close to accommodate , the number point of users and the time required to sanitise the urineuse (i. Urine collected in small containers (up to 20 litres) can be easily transported and used as fertiliser in the household's own vegetable gardene. Larger containers, filled with urine have to be collected by a vehicle and can therefore be transported over longer distancesthe farm).
The storage guidelines for ===Design Considerations=== On average, a person generates about 1.2 L of urine correspond to a day; however, this quantity may vary significantly depending on the temperature climate and fluid consumption. Mobile storage tanks should be made of storage and the intended cropplastic or fibreglass, but all urine permanent ones can be comprised of concrete or plastic. Metal should be stored for at least 1 month (see WHO guidelines for specific storage and application guidelines). Smaller volume Storage Tanks avoided as it can easily be used and transported to another, centralized Storage Tank at, or close to, corroded by the point high pH of use (i.e. the farm)stored urine.
Mobile Storage Tanks Over time, a layer of organic sludge and precipitated minerals (primarily calcium and magnesium phosphates) will form on the bottom of the tank. Any tank used for urine storage should have an opening large enough so that it can be plastic cleaned and/or fibreglasspumped out. Neither the storage tank, nor the collection pipes should be ventilated to avoid odorous ammonia emissions, but permanent Storage Tanks can they both need to be made of concrete pressure equalized. If the storage tank is directly connected with a pipe to the toilet or plastic. Metal urinal, care should be avoided as it can be easily corroded by taken to minimize the high pH length of stored urinethe pipe since precipitates will accumulate.
With storage timePipes should have a steep slope (> 1%), no sharp angles, a layer and large diameters (up to 110 mm for underground pipes). They should be easily accessible in case of organic sludge blockages. To minimize odours and precipitated minerals (primarily calcium nitrogen loss, the tank should be filled from the bottom, i.e., the urine should flow down through a pipe and magnesium phosphates) will form on be released near the bottom of the tank. Any tank used for This will prevent the urine storage should have an opening large enough so that it can be cleaned from spraying and/ or pumped outavoid the backflow of air.
Neither the Storage Tank, nor the collection pipes should be ventilated, but they both need to be pressure equalized. If the Storage Tank is emptied using a vacuum truck, the inflow of air must be maintained at a sufficient rate to ensure that the tank does not implode due to the vacuum.
If the Storage Tank is connected to the toilet or urinal directly {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="none"|-! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages|-| valign="top" |- Simple and robust technology <br>- Can be built and repaired with a pipe, care should be taken to minimize the length locally available materials <br>- Low risk of the pipe since precipitates will accumulate. If pipes must pathogen transmission <br>- Stored urine can be used, they should have as a steep slope fertilizer <br>- Small land area required <br>- No or low operating costs if self-emptied| valign="top" |- Mild to strong odour when opening and emptying tank (greater than 1% slopedepending on storage conditions), no sharp angles, large diameters <br>- May require frequent emptying (up to 110mm for underground pipesdepending on tank size) and be easily removable in case of blockages. |}
To minimize odours, the tank should <br>===Appropriateness=== Urine storage tanks are most appropriate where there is a need for nutrients from fertilizer for agriculture which can be filled from supplied by the bottomstored urine. When there is no such need, i.e. the urine should flow down through can become a pipe source of pollution and a nuisance. Urine storage tanks can be released near the bottom of the tankused in virtually every environment; this will tanks should be well-sealed to prevent leaks, infiltration and nitrogen loss. Urine storage tanks can be installed indoors, outdoors, above ground and below ground depending on the urine from spraying as well as prevent back-flowclimate, space available, and soil.
===FaecesHealth Aspects/Acceptance===Oil drums, Long-term storage is the best way to sanitize urine without the addition of chemicals or half drums, can be placed directly beneath a toilet to collect faecesmechanical processes. Ash or other drying material has to be added regularly to prevent smellsThe risk of disease transmission from stored urine is low. Toilet paper can also be collected in the oil drumExtended storage with storage times greater than 6 months provides near complete sanitization.
{{procontable | pro=- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <br>- No electrical energy required <br>- Can be used immediately <br>- Small land area required <br>- Low capital and operating costs| con= - Mild to strong odour when opening and emptying tank (depending on storage conditions)}} =Operation & Maintenance=Adequacy== Containers are not suitable for If the collection of mixed urine and excretastorage tank is emptied using a vacuum truck (see C. Collection 3), the inflow of oil drums and containers at community level has to be made functioning beforehand and measures have to be taken to guarantee hygienic safety. Sizes and weights air must be manageable. Long-term storage is the best way maintained at a sufficient rate to sanitize urine without ensure that the addition of chemicals or mechanical processes. Urine Storage Tanks can be used in virtually every environment; tanks should be well-sealed tank does not implode due to prevent leaks, infiltration and evaporation. Urine Storage Tanks can be installed indoors, outdoors, above ground and below ground depending on the climate, space available, and soilvacuum. ==Health Aspects / Acceptance==The risk of disease transmission from stored urine is low. Extended storage with storage times greater than 6 months provides near complete sanitation. ==Maintenance==A viscous sludge will accumulate on the bottom of the Storage Tankstorage tank. When the Storage Tank storage tank is emptied, the sludge will usually be emptied along with the urine, but if a tap is used and the tank is never fully emptied, it may require desludging. The desludging period will depend on the composition of the urine and the storage conditions. Mineral and salt build-up in the tank or on in connecting pipes can be manually removed (sometimes with difficulty) or can be dissolved with a strong acid (24% acetic).
== Movie =Manual, videos, and links ===* [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/guidelines-on-sanitation-and-health/en/ WHO: Guidelines on sanitation and health - 2018]
== Manual - How to build =References === * Kvarnström, E., Emilsson, K., Richert Stintzing, A., Johansson, M., Jönsson, H., af Petersens, E., Schönning, C., Christensen, J., Hellström, D., Qvarnström, L., Ridderstolpe, P. and Drangert, J.-O. (2006). [http://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-Report-Kvarnstrom-UrineDiversion-2006-1.pdf Urine Diversion: One Step Towards Sustainable Sanitation]. Report 2006–1, EcoSanRes: Ecosan Publications Series, Stockholm, SE.
== External links ==* General information about Oil drums von Münch, E. and containers [http://www.gtz.de/ecosan wwwWinker, M.gtz(2011).de/ecosan ] [http://www.wastesusana.nl www.waste.nl ]* The Philippines [http:org/_resources/www.caps.ph www.caps.ph ]* India [http:documents/default/www2-875-giz2011-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.sulabhinternationalpdf Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components.org wwwOverview of Urine Diversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets, Urine Storage and Reuse Systems].sulabhinternationalGesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, DE.org ]
==References==* Elizabeth Tilley et.al WHO (20082006). [httphttps://www.eawagwho.chint/organisationwater_sanitation_health/abteilungenpublications/sandecgsuweg4/publikationenen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium Guidelines for the Safe Use of Sanitation Systems Wastewater, Excreta and Technologies] ([httpGreywater. Volume 4://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water Excreta and Sanitation Greywater Use in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ SandecAgriculture]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systemsWorld Health Organization, Geneva, CH.)
* GTZ (2007). Technical data sheet, urine diversion: Piping and storage. GTZ, Germany. Available: [http://www.gtz.de www.gtz.de] ===Acknowledgements===* Kvarnström, E., et al. (2006). Urine Diversion - One step towards sustainable sanitation. Report 2006-1. Ecosan Res: Ecosan Publication Series, Stockholm. Available: [http://www.ecosanres.org www.ecosanres.org] * WHO (2006). Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater- Volume 4: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture. WHO, Geneva. Available: [http{{://www.who.int www.who.int]Acknowledgements Sanitation}}