<!{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-- table at top of page with logo, picture, Application level, Management level, and input-output tables -->box|english_link=Urine Storage Tank / Container|french_link=Réservoir_de_stockage_d’urine|spanish_link=Tanque/Contenedor_para_Almacenamiento_de_Orina|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}{|width="100%"|style="width:50%;"|{{santablesantable_new|
sys1=[[Waterless System with Urine Diversion|4]]|
sys2=[[Biogas System|5]]|sys3=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|89]]|sys3=|
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Output1=Stored urine| Output2=Faeces | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
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'''When urine cannot be used immediately or transported using a Conveyance technology (i.e.,[[Jerrycan - tank | Jerrycans]], see C.1), it can be stored onsite in containers or tanks. The storage tank must then be moved or emptied into another container for transport.'''
'''When urine or faeces cannot be used immediately or transported using a Conveyance Technology (i[[Image:Oil_drums_and_containers.e. Jerrycans or oil PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Oil drums and containers |Oil drums) it can be stored onsite and containers]], in containers or tanks. The Storage Tank must then be moved or emptied into another container Uganda(for transport. '''credits, click the picture)]]
[[Image:Oil_drums_and_containersThe urine storage tank should be appropriately sized to accommodate the number of users and the time required to sanitize the urine.PNG|thumb|right|150px|[[Oil drums The storage guidelines for urine correspond to the temperature of storage and containers |Oil drums and containers]]the intended crop for which it would be used as fertilizer, in Ugandabut all urine should be stored for at least 1 month before use (see WHO guidelines for specific storage and application guidelines). If a family’s urine is used to fertilize crops for creditstheir own household consumption only, click the picture)]]it can be used directly without storage.
'''Urine'''Smaller volume storage tanks can be used and transported to another centralized storage tank at, or close to, the point of use (i.e., the farm).
The Storage Tank ===Design Considerations=== On average, a person generates about 1.2 L of urine a day; however, this quantity may vary significantly depending on the climate and fluid consumption. Mobile storage tanks should be appropriately sized to accommodate the number made of users and the time required to sanitise the urine. Urine collected in small containers (up to 20 litres) plastic or fibreglass, but permanent ones can be easily transported and used as fertiliser in the household's own vegetable gardencomprised of concrete or plastic. Larger containers, filled with urine have to Metal should be collected by a vehicle and avoided as it can therefore easily be transported over longer distancescorroded by the high pH ofstored urine.
The storage guidelines for urine correspond to Over time, a layer of organic sludge and precipitated minerals (primarily calcium and magnesium phosphates) will form on the temperature bottom of storage and the intended crop, but all tank. Any tank used for urine storage should have an opening large enough so that it can be stored for at least 1 month (see WHO guidelines for specific storage cleaned and application guidelines)/or pumped out. Smaller volume Storage Tanks can Neither the storage tank, nor the collection pipes should be used and transported ventilated to anotheravoid odorous ammonia emissions, centralized Storage Tank atbut they both need to be pressure equalized. If the storage tank is directly connected with a pipe to the toilet or urinal, or close care should be taken to, minimize the point length of use (i.e. the farm)pipe since precipitates will accumulate.
Mobile Storage Tanks Pipes should be plastic or fibreglasshave a steep slope (> 1%), no sharp angles, but permanent Storage Tanks can and large diameters (up to 110 mm for underground pipes). They should be made easily accessible in case of concrete or plasticblockages. Metal To minimize odours and nitrogen loss, the tank should be avoided as it can filled from the bottom, i.e., the urine should flow down through a pipe and be easily corroded by released near the high pH bottom of stored the tank. This will prevent the urinefrom spraying and avoid the backflow of air.
With storage time, a layer of organic sludge and precipitated minerals (primarily calcium and magnesium phosphates) will form on the bottom of the tank. Any tank used for urine storage should have an opening large enough so that it can be cleaned and/ or pumped out.
Neither the Storage Tank, nor the collection pipes should {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="none"|-! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages|-| valign="top" |- Simple and robust technology <br>- Can be ventilated, but they both need to be pressure equalized. If the Storage Tank is emptied using a vacuum truck, the inflow built and repaired with locally available materials <br>- Low risk of air must pathogen transmission <br>- Stored urine can be maintained at used as a sufficient rate fertilizer <br>- Small land area required <br>- No or low operating costs if self-emptied| valign="top" |- Mild to ensure that the strong odour when opening and emptying tank does not implode due to the vacuum. (depending on storage conditions)<br>- May require frequent emptying (depending on tank size)|}
If <br>===Appropriateness=== Urine storage tanks are most appropriate where there is a need for nutrients from fertilizer for agriculture which can be supplied by the Storage Tank stored urine. When there is connected to no such need, the toilet or urinal directly with urine can become a pipe, care source of pollution and a nuisance. Urine storage tanks can be used in virtually every environment; tanks should be taken well-sealed to minimize the length of the pipe since precipitates will accumulatepreventleaks, infiltration and nitrogen loss. If pipes must Urine storage tanks can be usedinstalled indoors, outdoors, they should have a steep slope (greater than 1% slope)above ground and below ground depending on the climate, no sharp anglesspace available, large diameters (up to 110mm for underground pipes) and be easily removable in case of blockagessoil.
To minimize odours, ===Health Aspects/Acceptance=== Long-term storage is the tank should be filled from best way to sanitize urine without the bottom, iaddition of chemicals or mechanical processes.eThe risk of disease transmission from stored urine is low. the urine should flow down through a pipe and be released Extended storage with storage times greater than 6 months provides near the bottom of the tank; this will prevent the urine from spraying as well as prevent back-flowcomplete sanitization.
'''Faeces'''===Operation & Maintenance=== Oil drumsIf the storage tank is emptied using a vacuum truck (see C.3), or half drums, can the inflow of air must be placed directly beneath maintained at a toilet sufficient rate to collect faecesensure that the tank does not implode due to the vacuum. Ash or other drying material has to A viscous sludge will accumulate on the bottom of thestorage tank. When the storage tank is emptied, the sludge will usually be added regularly to prevent smellsemptied along with the urine, but if a tap is used and the tank is never fully emptied, it may require desludging. The desludging period will depend on the composition of the urine and the storage conditions. Toilet paper Mineral and salt build-up in the tank or in connecting pipes can also be collected in the oil drummanually removed (sometimes with difficulty) or dissolved with a strong acid (24% acetic).
{{procontable | pro=- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <br>- No electrical energy required <br>- Can be used immediately <br>- Small land area required <br>- Low capital and operating costs| con= - Mild to strong odour when opening and emptying tank (depending on storage conditions)}} ==Adequacy== Containers are not suitable for the collection of mixed urine and excreta. Collection of oil drums and containers at community level has to be made functioning beforehand and measures have to be taken to guarantee hygienic safety. Sizes and weights must be manageable. Long-term storage is the best way to sanitize urine without the addition of chemicals or mechanical processes. Urine Storage Tanks can be used in virtually every environment; tanks should be well-sealed to prevent leaks, infiltration and evaporation. Urine Storage Tanks can be installed indoors, outdoors, above ground and below ground depending on the climateManual, space availablevideos, and soil. =links =Health Aspects / Acceptance==The risk of disease transmission from stored urine is low* [http://www. Extended storage with storage times greater than 6 months provides near complete sanitationwho. ==Maintenance==A viscous sludge will accumulate int/water_sanitation_health/publications/guidelines-on the bottom of the Storage Tank. When the Storage Tank is emptied, the sludge will usually be emptied along with the urine, but if a tap is used -sanitation-and the tank is never fully emptied, it may require desludging. The desludging period will depend -health/en/ WHO: Guidelines on the composition of the urine sanitation and the storage conditions. Mineral and salt buildhealth -up in the tank or on connecting pipes can be manually removed (sometimes with difficulty) or can be dissolved with a strong acid (24% acetic). == Movie ==2018]
== Manual - How to build =References === * Kvarnström, E., Emilsson, K., Richert Stintzing, A., Johansson, M., Jönsson, H., af Petersens, E., Schönning, C., Christensen, J., Hellström, D., Qvarnström, L., Ridderstolpe, P. and Drangert, J.-O. (2006). [http://mediamanager.sei.org/documents/Publications/SEI-Report-Kvarnstrom-UrineDiversion-2006-1.pdf Urine Diversion: One Step Towards Sustainable Sanitation]. Report 2006–1, EcoSanRes: Ecosan Publications Series, Stockholm, SE.
== External links ==* General information about Oil drums von Münch, E. and containers [http://www.gtz.de/ecosan wwwWinker, M.gtz(2011).de/ecosan ] [http://www.wastesusana.nl www.waste.nl ]* The Philippines [http:org/_resources/www.caps.ph www.caps.ph ]* India [http:documents/default/www2-875-giz2011-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.sulabhinternationalpdf Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components.org wwwOverview of Urine Diversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets, Urine Storage and Reuse Systems].sulabhinternationalGesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, DE.org ]
==References==* Elizabeth Tilley et.al WHO (20082006). [httphttps://www.eawagwho.chint/organisationwater_sanitation_health/abteilungenpublications/sandecgsuweg4/publikationenen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium Guidelines for the Safe Use of Sanitation Systems Wastewater, Excreta and Technologies] ([httpGreywater. Volume 4://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water Excreta and Sanitation Greywater Use in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ SandecAgriculture]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systemsWorld Health Organization, Geneva, CH.)
* GTZ (2007). Technical data sheet, urine diversion: Piping and storage. GTZ, Germany. Available: [http://www.gtz.de www.gtz.de] ===Acknowledgements===* Kvarnström, E., et al. (2006). Urine Diversion - One step towards sustainable sanitation. Report 2006-1. Ecosan Res: Ecosan Publication Series, Stockholm. Available: [http://www.ecosanres.org www.ecosanres.org] * WHO (2006). Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater- Volume 4: Excreta and greywater use in agriculture. WHO, Geneva. Available: [http{{://www.who.int www.who.int]Acknowledgements Sanitation}}