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{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-box|english_link=Urinal|french_link=Urinoir|spanish_link=Urinario|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}<!-- table at top of page with logo, picture, and input-output tables. --br><br>{|width="100%"|style="width:25%;"|{{santable_shortsantable_short_new|
sys1=[[Waterless System with Urine Diversion|4]]|
sys2=[[Biogas System|5]]|sys3=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|89]]|sys3=|
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pic=Urinal1.png|
Input1=Urine|Input2=Flushwater |Input3=| Input4= |Input5=|
Output1=Urine| Output2=Flushwater | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
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|[[Image:Urinal1.png |right|500px]]
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===Design Considerations===
For water-based urinals, the water use per flush ranges from less than 2 L in current designs to almost 20 L of flushwater in outdated models. Water-saving or waterless technologies should be favoured. To minimize odours and nitrogen loss in simple waterless urinal designs, the collection pipe should be submerged in the urine tank to provide a basic liquid seal.
Waterless urinals are available in a range of styles and complexities. Some urinals come equipped with an
odour seal that may have a mechanical closure, a membrane, or a sealing liquid. Water-based Urinals use 8 to 12 litres of flushwater, whereas low-flush models use less than 4 litres of flushwater.
Urinals can be used in homes as well as within public facilities. In some cases, the provision of a urinal is useful to prevent the misuse of dry systems (e.g., UDDT, U.2). Portable waterless urinals have been developed for use at large gatherings, to improve the sanitation facilities and reduce the point load of wastewater discharged at the site. In this way, a large volume of urine can be collected (and either used or discharged at a more appropriate location or time) and the remaining toilets can be reduced in number or used more efficiently. Urinals are appropriate for every climate.
===Health Aspects/Acceptance===The Urinal is a comfortable and easily accepted User Interface. In some cases, the provision of a urinal is useful to prevent the misuse of dry systems (e.g. [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|UDDT]]). Although simple in construction and design, urinals can have a large impact on the well-being of a community. When men have access to a urinal, they may urinate less often in public, which reduces unwanted odours and makes women feel more comfortable. Men have generally accepted waterless urinals, as they do not call for any change of behaviour.
Particularly, in waterless urinals, calcium- and magnesium-based minerals and salts can precipitate and build
up in pipes and on surfaces where urine is constantly present. Washing the bowl with a mild acid (e.g., vinegar) and/or hot water can prevent the build-up of mineral deposits and scaling. Stronger (> 24% acetic) acid or a caustic soda solution (2 parts water to 1 part soda) can be used for removing blockages. However, in some
cases manual removal may be required.
The `Eco-Lily' from Ethiopia is made out of a common liquid container with a used light bulb acting as a floating `odour-lock' to reduce smells. The `Eco-Lily' is a device to be used as urinal both by men and women. SUDEA's experiences have showed that men can use it without any explanation while women often need some information on how to use it because of their biological difference.
This [http://www.sydneywatermrfriendly.com.au/Publicationseu/FactSheetsdoc/WaterlessUrinalsFactSheet.pdf Factsheet] gives useful information about the installation of as Waterless Urinal.
* Mexico [http://www.laneta.apc.org/esac www.laneta.apc.org/esac ]
* South Africa [http://www.csir.co.za www.csir.co.za ]
* Ethiopia [email protected]
'''Helpful handwashing toolkit''': [http://web.archive.org/web/20150331190748/http://www.wsp.org/hwws-toolkit/hwws-tk-home Handwashing with Soap Toolkit]
===Field experiences===
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===References===* Elizabeth Tilley etAustin, A. and Duncker, L.al (20082002). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_highUrine-Diversion.pdf Compendium of Ecological Sanitation Systems and Technologies] in South Africa ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]book). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandecCSIR, Pretoria, ZA.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides Directions for making a simple urinal using a full overview of sanitation systems.5 L plastic container)
* Austinvon Münch, AE. and DunckerDahm, LP. (20022009). [https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/Waterless_urinals_a_proposal_to_save_water_and_recover_urine_nutrients_in_Africa/9585524 Waterless Urinals: A Proposal to Save Water and Recover Urine-diversion. Ecological Sanitation Systems Nutrients in South Africa]. CSIR34th WEDC International Conference. Addis Ababa, Pretoria, South Africa. (Directions for making a simple Urinal using a 5L plastic containerET.)
* CREPA (2008)von Münch, E. Promotion de latrines ECOSAN à la 20è édition du FESPACO: Ecosan Info Noand Winker, M. 8. Centre Régional pour l'Eau Potable et l'Assainissement à faible coût (CREPA2011), Burkina Faso. Available: [http://www.reseaucrepasusana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-875-giz2011-en-technology-review-urine-diversion.pdf Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components. Overview of Urine Diversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets, Urine Storage and Reuse Systems]. Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, DE.
* GTZ NWP (19992006). Technical data sheets for ecosan components[https: Waterless Urinals//www. GTZ, Germanyircwash. Available: http:org/resources/wwwsmart-sanitation-solutions-examples-innovative-low-cost-technologies-toilets-collection Smart Sanitation Solutions.gtzExamples of Innovative, Low-Cost Technologies for Toilets, Collection, Transportation, Treatment and Use of Sanitation Products].de (Information about specialized urinalsNetherlands Water Partnership, The Hague, which include stench traps and other specialized featuresNL.)