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{|width="100%"
|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|
sys1=[[Pour Flush Pit System with Twin Pitswithout Sludge Production|3]]|
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pic=Twin_pits_for_pour_flush.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
ManShared=XX|
ManPublic=X|
Input1=Blackwater|Input2=Greywater |Input3=Anal cleansing water| Input4= |Input5=|Output1=Compost - EcoHumusPit Humus| Output2= | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|french_link=Latrine à chasse avec double fosse|english_link={{PAGENAMEE}}||spanish_link=Pozos_Doble_para_Retrete_con_Arrastre_Hidraulico
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|[[Image:Twin_pits_for_pour_flush.png |right|300px500px]]
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The difference between this twin pits for pour flush technology and can be designed in various ways; the [[Double Ventilated Improved Pit|Double VIP]] toilet can be located directly over the pits or at a distance from them. The superstructure can be permanently constructed over both pits or [[Fossa Alterna]] it can move from side to side depending on which one is that it allows for the addition of water and does not include in use. No matter how the addition of soil or organic material. As this system is a water-based (wet) technologydesigned, the full pits require only one pit is used at a longer retention time to degrade the material before is can be excavated safely. A retention time of 2 years While one pit is recommended. The degraded material filling, the other full pit is too solid to be removed with a vacuum truckresting.
As the effluent liquid leaches from the pit and migrates through an the unsaturated soil matrix, faecal organisms pathogenic germs are sorbed onto the soil surface. In this way, pathogens can beremovedprior to contact with groundwater. The degree of faecal organism removal varies with soil type, distance traveledtravelled, moisture and other environmental factors. There is a risk of groundwater pollution whenever there is a high or variable water table, fissures The difference between this technology and/or cracks in the bedrock[Double Ventilated Improved Pit Double VIP] (S. Viruses and bacteria can travel hundreds of metres in saturated conditions4) or [Fossa Alterna Fossa Alterna] (S. As soil 5) is that it allows for water and groundwater properties are often unknown, it is difficult not necessary to add soil or organic material to estimate the necessary distance between a pit and pits. As this is a water source. A minimum distance of 30m should be maintained between -based (wet) technology, the pit and full pits require a water source longer retention time (two years is recommended) to limit exposure to chemical and biological contaminationdegrade the material before it can be excavated safely.
===Design Considerations=== The pits should be of an adequate size to accommodate a volume of waste generated over one or two years. This allows the contents of the full pit enough time to transform into a partially sanitized, soil-like material that can be manually excavated. It is recommended that the Twin Pits twin pits be constructed 1m 1 m apart from each other to minimize cross-contamination between the maturing pit and the one in use. It is also recommended that the pits be constructed over 1m 1 m from any structural foundation as leachate can negatively impact structural supports. Water within the pit can impact its stability. Therefore, the full depth of the pit walls should be lined to prevent collapse and the top 30 cm should be fully mortared to prevent direct infiltration and to support the superstructure.
Alternatively, the Pour Flush Toilet could also be directly connected to the pit in use by a single straight pipe fixed in place with light mortar and covered with earth. The risk of failure and misuse is minimized by ensuring that the junction and pipes are not easily accessible.
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{{procontable | pro=
- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials. <br> - Because double pits are used alternately, their life is virtually unlimited. <br> - Excavation of humus is easier than faecal sludge <br> - Potential for use of stored faecal material as soil conditioner. <br> - Flies and odours are significantly reduced (compared to non-ventilated pitswithout a water seal). <br> - Suitable for all types of user (sitters, squatters, washers and wipers). <br> - Low (but variable) capital costs depending on materials; no or low operating costs if self-emptied. <br> - Moderate Small land area required<br>- Significant reduction in pathogens. <br> requires much less water to be used for flushing as compared to conventional toilets. <br> The latrine doesn’t need to be moved when the pit is full. | con=- Excreta requires manual Manual removal. of humus is required<br> - Clogging is frequent when bulky cleansing materials are used<br>- Higher risk of groundwater contamination due to more leachate than with waterless systems
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==Adequacy=Appropriateness=== The Twin Pits with Pour Flush is pits for pour flush are a permanent technology that is appropriate for areas where it is not appropriate possible to continuously move a build new pit latrinelatrines. It As long as water is a water-based available, this technology and is only appropriate where there for almost every type of housing density. However, too many wet pits in a small area is a constant supply not recommended as the soil matrix may not be of sufficient capacity to absorb all the liquid and the ground could become water for flushing -logged (e.g. recycled greywater or rainwateroversaturated). Greywater can be co-managed along with the blackwater in the twin pits. This technology is not appropriate for areas with a high groundwater table or areas that are frequently flooded. In order for the pits to drain properly, the soil must have a good absorptive capacity; clay, tightly packed or rocky soils are not appropriate.
==Health Aspects/Acceptance=Operation & Maintenance= ==The pits must be regularly emptied (after the recommended two year resting time), and care must be taken to ensure that they do not flood during rainy seasons.Emptying is done manually using long handled shovels and proper personal protection.
=== Sulabh toilets=== The waterseal provides Indian NGO [http://www.sulabhinternational.org/ Sulabh International] designed a high level [https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/323.1-1299.pdf system] using pour flush toilets and twin pits for treatment of comfort and cleanlinesssanitation products. They have constructed over a million toilets in India. They further designed a system which converts the effluent into biogas. These technologies are now used by 10 million people in rural India. This contributed greatly to the increase in number of people using a toilet, with few odoursfrom 27% to 59% in the last 5 years. It is a commonly accepted sanitation optionThey have also built public toilets in Afghanistan, Bhutan, Ghana, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Laos, however some health concerns exist:and Cambodia. They are planning to start up Sulabh Sanitation centres in 50 more countries soon.
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}