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sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|56]]|sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with SewerageEffluent Transport|67]]|
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pic=Transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png|
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Input1=Faecal Sludge|Input2= |Input3= | Input4= |Input5=|Output1= Faecal Sludge | Output2= | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
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[[Image:Icon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png |right|80px]]
'''Sometimes termed Underground Holding Tanks, Transfer Stations stations or underground holding tanks act as intermediate dumping points for faecal sludge when it cannot be easily transported to a (Semi-) Centralized Treatment facility. A vacuum truck must is required to empty Transfer Stations transfer stations when they are full.'''
<br>{{procontable | pro=- Reduces Makes sludge transport distance and may encourage to the treatment plant more communityefficient, especially where small-level emptying solutions. scale service providerswith slow vehicles are involved <br> - May reduce the illegal dumping of faecal sludge. <br> - Moderate capital and operating costs; Costs can be offset with access permits. <br> - Potential for local job creation and income generation. | con=- Requires expert design and construction supervision. <br> - Sludge requires secondary treatment and/or appropriate discharge.Can lead to odours if not properly maintained
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===Appropriateness===
Transfer stations are appropriate for dense, urban areas where there are no alternative discharge points for faecal sludge. Establishing multiple transfer stations may help to reduce the incidence of illegal sludge dumping and promote the emptying market. Transfer stations are especially adequate where small-scale
sludge emptying takes place. In big cities, they can reduce the costs incurred by truck operators by decreasing transport distances and waiting times in traffic jams. Local service providers can discharge sludge at transfer stations during the day, while large trucks can empty the tanks and go to the treatment plant at night when traffic is light.
==Health Aspects/Acceptance=Operation & Maintenance=== Transfer Stations have the potential Screens must be frequently cleaned to significantly increase the health of ensure a community by providing an inexpensive, local solution to faecal sludge constant flow and septage disposalprevent back-ups. By providing a Transfer StationSand, independent or small-scale emptiers are no longer forced to dump grit and consolidated sludge illegally; homeowners are more motivated to have their pits emptiedmust also be periodically removed from the holding tank. Transfer Stations can There should be a low-costwell organized system to empty the transfer station; if the holding tank fills up and overflows, effective Conveyance technology for faecal sludge. When pits are emptied regularly and illegal dumping it is minimized, the overall health of a community can be improved significantlyno better than an overflowing pit. The location must pad and loading area should be carefully chosen regularly cleaned to maximize efficiencyminimize odours, while minimizing odours flies and disturbances to nearby residentsother vectors from becoming nuisances. ==Upgrading==
===Upgrading===
Transfer stations are relatively common in North America. There, they are equipped with digital data recording devices to track quantities, input types and origin, as well as collect data from the individuals who dump there. In this way, the facilitators can collect detailed information and more accurately plan and adapt to the changing loads.
==Maintenance=References=== Racks * African Development Fund (screens2005) must be cleaned frequently to ensure a constant flow and prevent backups. Sand [https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and grit must also be periodically removed from the holding tank. There should be a well-organized system for emptying the transferOperations/Ghana_-_Accra_Sewerage_Improvement_Project_ASIP_-station; if the holding tank fills up _Appraisal_Report.pdf Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP). Appraisal Report]. Infrastructure Department Central and overflows it is no better than an overflowing pitWest Regions. The pad and loading area should be cleaned regularly to minimize odoursAbidjan, flies and other vectors from becoming a nuisanceCI.
* Elizabeth Tilley etChowdhry, S. and Koné, D.al (20082012). [httphttps://www.eawagsusana.chorg/organisationen/abteilungenknowledge-hub/sandec/publikationenresources-and-publications/publications_sesplibrary/downloads_sespdetails/compendium_high.pdf Compendium 1662 Business Analysis of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([httpFecal Sludge Management://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water Emptying and Sanitation Transportation Services in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ SandecAfrica and Asia]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systemsBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US.)
* African Development Fund (2005)Strande, L. Accra sewerage improvement project- appraisal report, Ronteltap, M. Infrastructure Department Central and West RegionsBrdjanovic, D. (Eds.) (2014). Available: http[https://www.afdbsusana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/3591 Faecal Sludge Management. Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation]. IWA Publishing, London, UK.
* Boot, NLDU. and Scott, RDS. EPA (20081994). Faecal Sludge in Accra[https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-11/documents/guide-septage-treatment-disposal.pdf Guide to Septage Treatment and Disposal]. EPA/625/R-94/002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ghana: problems Office of urban provisionResearch and Development, OH, US. Proceedings:Available at: Sanitation Challenge[http: New Sanitation Concepts and Models of Governance//www.epa. Wageningen, The Netherlandsgov epa. gov]