|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|
sys1=[[Single Pit System |1]]|
sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|56]]|sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with SewerageEffluent Transport|67]]|
sys4=|
sys5=|
ManShared=X|
ManPublic=XX|
Input1=Faecal Sludge|Input2= |Input3= | Input4= |Input5=|Output1= Faecal Sludge | Output2= | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
|english_link=Transfer_Station_(Underground_Holding_Tank)
|french_link=Station_de_transfert_avec_réservoir_enterré
[[Image:Icon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png |right|80px]]
'''Sometimes termed Underground Holding Tanks, Transfer Stations stations or underground holding tanks act as intermediate dumping points for faecal sludge when it cannot be easily transported to a (Semi-) Centralized Treatment facility. A vacuum truck must is required to empty Transfer Stations transfer stations when they are full.'''
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Manual, Operators of Human-Powered or small -scale sludge emptiers who use the MAPET or the [[Human-Powered Motorized Sludge Emptying Equipment (see C.2 and Transport|Gulper]], for example, dump C.3) discharge the sludge in at a local transfer station rather than either a) illegally dumping it illegally or b) trying travelling to discharge it at a remote treatment or disposal site. When the transfer station is full, a vacuum truck empties the contents and takes the sludge to a suitable treatment facility. Municipalities or sewerage authorities may charge for permits to dump at the transfer station to travel offset the costs of operating and maintaining the facility. In urban settings, transfer stations have to be carefully located, otherwise odours could become a distant collection pointnuisance, especially, if they are not well maintained.
When the Transfer Station is full===Design Considerations=== A transfer station consists of a parking place for vacuum trucks or sludge carts, a vacuum truck empties the contents connection point for discharge hoses, and takes a storage tank. The dumping point should be built low enough to minimize spills when labourers manually empty their sludge carts. Additionally, the sludge transfer station should include a vent, a trash screen to remove large debris (garbage) and a suitable treatment washing facilityfor vehicles. If the municipality The holding tank must be well constructed to prevent leaching and/or sewerage authority is operating the Transfer Station they may charge for permits to dump in the Transfer Station to offset the cost of maintaining the facilitysurface water infiltration.
The Transfer Station consists of A variation is the sewer discharge station (SDS), which is like a transfer station, but is directly connected to a parking place for conventional gravity sewer main. Sludge emptied into the SDS is released into the vacuum truck sewer main either directlyor sludge cartat timed intervals (e.g., a connection point for by pumping) to optimize the performance of the sewer and of the discharge hosewastewater treatment plant, and a storage tank/or reduce peak loads. The dumping point at the Transfer Station should stations can be built low enough equipped with digital data recording devices to minimize spills when labourers are manually emptying their sludge cartstrack quantity, input type and origin, as well as collect data about the individuals who dump there. AdditionallyIn this way, the Transfer Station should include a vent, a trash screen operator can collect detailed information and more accurately plan and adapt to remove large debris (garbage) and a washing facility for vehiclesdiffering loads.
A variation is the Sewer Discharge Station (SDS), which is like a Transfer station, but is directly connected to a Conventional Gravity Sewer main (The system for more information, refer to [[Sewer Discharge Station|Sewer Discharge Stations]]). Sludge emptied into the SDS is released either directly issuing permits or at timed intervals into charging access fees must be carefully designed so that those who most need the sewer main service are not excluded because of high costs, while still generating enough income to optimize the performance of the sewer sustainablyoperate and maintain the wastewater treatment plant, and/or reduce peak loadstransfer stations.
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{{procontable | pro=- Reduces Makes sludge transport distance and may encourage to the treatment plant more communityefficient, especially where small-level emptying solutions. scale service providerswith slow vehicles are involved <br> - May reduce the illegal dumping of faecal sludge. <br> - Moderate capital and operating costs; Costs can be offset with access permits. <br> - Potential for local job creation and income generation. | con=- Requires expert design and construction supervision. <br> - Sludge requires secondary treatment and/or appropriate discharge.Can lead to odours if not properly maintained
}}
===AdequacyAppropriateness=== Transfer Stations stations are especially appropriate for dense, urban areas where there is are no alternative discharge point (e.g. points for faecal sludge thickening pond). Multiple Transfer Stations in a city Establishing multiple transfer stations may help to reduce the incidence of illegal sewage sludge dumping. The quality and quantity of promote the faecal sludge will significantly affect the treatment technology that is subsequently requiredemptying market. Transfer stations are especially adequate when there are many locations where small-scale sludge emptying is practicedtakes place. The construction of a Transfer Station may also stimulate the independent-emptying market. The site for In big cities, they can reduce the Transfer Station should be easily accessible, conveniently located, costs incurred by truck operators by decreasing transport distances and easy to usewaiting times in traffic jams. The underground holding tank must be well constructed to prevent leaching and/or surface water infiltration. Depending on the maintenance of Local service providers can discharge sludge at transfer stations during the facilityday, odours while large trucks can be unappealing to local residents. However, empty the benefits gained compared tanks and go to open-air dumping would likely offset the odour nuisancetreatment plant at night when traffic is light.
The system for issuing permits or charging access fees must Transfer stations should be carefully designed so that those who most need the service located where they are not excluded because of high costseasily accessible, convenient, and easy to use. Depending on their maintenance, while still generating enough income odours could become a problem to be sustainable and welllocal residents. However, the benefits gained fromthem compared to open-maintainedair illegal dumping greatly offset any nuisances.
===Health Aspects/Acceptance===Transfer stations have the potential to significantly increase the health of a community by providing an inexpensive, local solution for faecal sludge disposal. By providing a transfer station, independent or small-scale service providers are no longer forced to illegally dump sludge, and homeowners are more motivated to empty their pits. When pits are regularly emptied and illegal dumping is minimized, the overall health of a community can be significantly improved. The location must be carefully chosen to maximize efficiency and minimize odours and problems to nearby residents.
Transfer Stations have the potential ===Operation & Maintenance=== Screens must be frequently cleaned to significantly increase the health of ensure a community by providing an inexpensive, local solution to faecal sludge constant flow and septage disposalprevent back-ups. By providing a Transfer StationSand, independent or small-scale emptiers are no longer forced to dump grit and consolidated sludge illegally; homeowners are more motivated to have their pits emptiedmust also be periodically removed from the holding tank. Transfer Stations can There should be a low-costwell organized system to empty the transfer station; if the holding tank fills up and overflows, effective Conveyance technology for faecal sludge. When pits are emptied regularly and illegal dumping it is minimized, the overall health of a community can be improved significantlyno better than an overflowing pit. The location must pad and loading area should be carefully chosen regularly cleaned to maximize efficiencyminimize odours, while minimizing odours flies and disturbances to nearby residentsother vectors from becoming nuisances.
===Upgrading===
Transfer stations are relatively common in North America. There, they are equipped with digital data recording devices to track quantities, input types and origin, as well as collect data from the individuals who dump there. In this way, the facilitators can collect detailed information and more accurately plan and adapt to the changing loads.
===MaintenanceReferences===* African Development Fund (2005). Accra Sewerage Improvement Project (ASIP). Appraisal Report. Infrastructure Department Central and West Regions. Abidjan, CI.:Available at: [http://www.afdb.org afdb.org]
Racks * Boot, N. L. and Scott, R. E. (screens2008) must be cleaned frequently to ensure a constant flow and prevent backups. Sand and grit must also be periodically removed from the holding tankFaecal Sludge in Accra, Ghana: Problems of Urban Provision. There should be a well-organized system for emptying the transfer-station; if the holding tank fills up Proceedings: Sanitation Challenge: New Sanitation Concepts and overflows it is no better than an overflowing pitModels of Governance. The pad and loading area should be cleaned regularly to minimize odoursWageningen, flies and other vectors from becoming a nuisanceNL. ===References===
* [http://wwwChowdhry, S.afdband Koné, D.org African Development Fund] (20052012). Business Analysis of Fecal Sludge Management: Emptying and Transportation Services in Africa and Asia. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, US.:Available at: [http://www.ncbisusana.nlmorg/library susana.nih.gov/pubmedorg/19657157 Accra sewerage improvement project- appraisal reportlibrary]. Infrastructure Department Central and West Regions.
* BootStrande, NLDL., Ronteltap, M. and ScottBrdjanovic, RDD. (Eds. ) (20082014). Faecal Sludge Management. Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation. IWA Publishing, London, UK.:Available at: [http://wedc.lborowww.acsandec.uk/resources/conference/33/Boot_NLDch sandec.pdf Faecal Sludge in Accra, Ghana: problems of urban provisionch]. Proceedings: Sanitation Challenge: New Sanitation Concepts and Models of Governance. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
* USEPA U.S. EPA (1994). [http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/625r94002.html Guide to Septage Treatment and Disposal: . EPA/625/R-94/002]. United States [http://wwwU.epaS.gov Environmental Protection Agency], Office of Research and Development, CincinnatiOH, Ohio, USAUS.:Available at: [http://www.epa.gov epa.gov]
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}