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Sludging - Rota sludge

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[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|right|80px]]

[[Image:Rota sludge in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rota sludge in action]]

[[Image:Deep drilling with the rota sludge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Deep drilling with the rota sludge]]

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The Rota Sludge is a manual drilling technique based on the [[Sludging - Asian sludge |Asian sludge]] technique, and adapted for harder soil types. To drill through the harder layers, a hardened drill bit and weight have been added. Just after the downward movement of the drill pipes the drill bit is rotated a quarter turn, thus chiselling the bottom of the hole. Water is circulated to bring the cuttings to the surface.

The borehole stays open by water pressure. Thickeners such as clay, bentonite or even cow dung are usually added to the water in order to prevent hole collapse and reduce loss of working water (drill fluid).

The Rota-Sludge was developed by the [http://www.practicafoundationpractica.nl/products/drilling-wells/ org Practica Foundation].

===Suitable conditions===

Suitable for unconsolidated formations: Sand, silt and clay. Because of the rotation and the drill bit, it is possible to penetrate softer-consolidated formations such as stiff clays, soft sandstone, and weathered laterite.

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===Construction, operations and maintenance===

[[Image:Diagram of a rota sludge.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Diagram of a rota sludge]]

[[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling.PNG|thumb|right|200px|Drilling a 20 m deep well in Chinandega, Nicaragua, with the Rota-sludge method. Photo: Netherlands Water Partnership.]]

All drilling equipment is locally produced.

===Costs===

In India, the cost of a well made with Rota-sludge is about US$ 30. In Nicaragua, this varies from US$ 80 to US$ 400.

The cost of introduction varies between US$ 5,000-20,000 per project, including hand-on training, drill set and drilling of test wells.

===Field experiences===

The Rota Sludge is used in Nicaragua, Tanzania, Madagascar, Ghana, Senegal, Mauritania and Niger.

===Manuals, videos and links===* Arjen van der Wal & Robert Vuik, [http://wwwec.practicaeuropa.orgeu/wp-contentecho/uploadsfiles/servicesevaluation/publicationswatsan2005/drilling%20manualsannex_files/ENPRACTICA/sludgingPRACT2%20-%20_final20Rota-sludge%20version_lr20and%2031081120stone%20full20hammer%20ENG20drilling.pdf Sludging: Manual Drilling Series. Technical Training Handbook on Affordable Manual Well Rota-sludge and stone hammer drilling, Part 1, Drillingmanual]. Practica Foundation, June 2011 (2nd edition). French version: Produced by [http://www.practica.orgPRACTICA Foundation] and [http:/wp/www.etc-content/uploads/servicesinternational.org/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/sludging_final%20version-lr%20310811%20full%20FRindex.pdf FORAGE A LA BOUE : Serie forage manuelphp?id=41 ETC Foundation].

*[http://www.practicafoundationsswm.nlinfo/wp-contentsites/default/uploadsfiles/PDFreference_attachments/PracticaHERWIJNEN%20drilling202005%20Rs20Rota%20versie20Sludge%201th20and%20september20Stone%2005.pdf Rota-sludge and stone hammer drilling, Part 1, Drilling manual]. Produced by [http://www.practicafoundation.nl PRACTICA Foundation] and [http://www.etc-international.org/index.php?id=41 ETC Foundation]. *[http://www.practicafoundation.nl/wp-content/uploads/PDF/practica-production-rs-versie-1th-september-05120Hammer%20Drilling%20Part%20two%20Production%20Manual.pdf Rota-sludge and stone hammer drilling, Part 2, Production manual]. Produced by [http://www.practicafoundationpractica.nl org PRACTICA Foundation] and [http://www.etc-international.org/index.php?id=41 ETC Foundation].

* [http://www.practica.org/products/drilling-wells/ Drilling & Wells], Practica Foundation.

 

* General info on manual well drilling [http://www.rwsn.ch/prarticle.2005-10-25.9856177177/prarticle.2005-10-26.7220595116/prarticle.2005-11-15.6127855822 Rural Water Supply Network]

{{#ev:youtube|MvebFHCjCvk|200|auto|<font size="2"><center>Rota sludge drilling in <br>Madagascar, January 2008</center></font>}}

 === Acknowledgements===* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundationpractica.nl/ org Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].

* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.

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