[[Image:Treadle_pump_icon.png|right]]
[[Image:Baptist drilling.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baptist drilling rig in operation. Note the drilling mud gushing out of the drill pipe.]]
[[Image:Baptist_drilling2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baptist drilling rig in operation.]]
[[Image:Baptist_drilling_start.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Starting a Baptist drilling.]]
[[Image:Drill bits and valves.jpg|thumb|right|150px250px|Drill bits and valves]]
__NOTOC__
}}
==Construction, operations and maintenance==
[[Image:Baptist_drill_bit.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Baptist drill bit. The arrow-shaped point is mounted on a ball, which acts as a check valve. The mud, loaded with clippings, passes the check valve and is carried up during the downward motion of the drilling stem. Depending on the type of soil, different drill bit designs are used.]]
[[Image:mechanized.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mechanized version of Baptist drilling, powered by a 3HP diesel engine.]]
==Technical specification==
[[Image:Baptist_drill_bit.jpg|thumb|Baptist drill bit. The arrow-shaped point is mounted on a ball, which acts as a check valve. The mud, loaded with clippings, passes the check valve and is carried up during the downward motion of the drilling stem. Depending on the type of soil, different drill bit designs are used.]]
[[Image:mechanized.jpg|thumb|Mechanized version of Baptist drilling, powered by a 3HP diesel engine.]]
====Operation====
The Baptist drilling process work with pure impact action, there is no rotating movement. Because there is no torque on the drilling stem, a light drilling stem can be used, such as thick-walled PVC pipe. The light drilling stem permits pulling the tool up with a simple pulley fixed to any kind of tripod or crossbeam.
* Open-ended (hollow) bits without a footvalve (pure sludging) for layers of pure clay or gravel. In these conditions the presence of a footvalve may slow down progress, since clay has to be pounded into suspension and stones have to be ground to small pieces in order to enter the drilling tool through the footvalve.
====Reaming====
If required, the upper part of the well can be reamed and cased with larger diameter pipe (3 or 5 inches), to accommodate larger pumps. A shallow (large diameter) [[rope pump]], for example, may require a wider well (although small-diameter rope pumps can fit in a 2" borehole), and submersible pumps commonly need at least 4".
Note that there is no need to enlarge the entire depth of the borehole: reaming until slightly below the lowest expected water table (the pump's water intake) is sufficient.
====Maintenance==== ====Manufacturing ==== ==CostCosts==
A Baptist drilling rig, fit to drill holes up to 30 m deep, can be built in Nicaragua for about US$ 150. This includes all essential non-common tools to operate it. Its core element, the drill bits, can be made in about any arc-welding workshop, using only scrap steel and materials that can be found in virtually any hardware store.
Once the well is drilled, it is cased with cheap PVC tube. Fitting it with a slab of concrete as a sanitary seal and a simple PVC piston pump (also built by the users themselves) will cost about 2.5 dollars per meter well depth.
==Country Field experiences==
Baptist well drilling is used in Bolivia, Nicaragua, Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Cameroon, Zambia and Sri Lanka.
==ManualsReference manuals, videos, and links==* [http://www.arrakis.nl/files/Baptist%20drill%20%20manual%20%20%20Shipo%2010-08-08%20lo%20res-1.doc] Baptist drilling manual], by [http://www.arrakis.nl/ Arrakis]
==Movies / Media==
* [http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=370A3B99269BC4FE Complete set of movies on Baptist well drilling], compiled by Paul Cloesen.
* [http://waterforallinternational.org/media.aspx Photos from the Field], by Water for All.
== Acknowledgements==
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rwsn.ch/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rwsn.ch/prarticle.2005-10-25.9856177177/prarticle.2005-10-26.7220595116/prarticle.2005-11-15.6127855822 manual drilling section].
==Links==
* [http://waterforallinternational.org/drillingoverview.aspx Water for All - Website of Terry Waller on Baptist well drilling]
*[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perforaci%C3%B3n_Bautista_de_Pozos Spanish Baptist well drilling article on Wikipedia].
* [[Solution_of_the_week_4|Akvo solution of the week 4]]
==ReferencesAcknowledgements==* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://enwww.wikipediapracticafoundation.orgnl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http:/wiki/Baptist_well_drilling Wikipedia article on Baptist Drillingwww.rwsn.ch/ Rural Water Supply Network], orginally written by Paul Cloesenand specifically its [http://www.rwsn.ch/prarticle.2005-10-25.9856177177/prarticle.2005-10-26.7220595116/prarticle.2005-11-15.6127855822 manual drilling section].
{{Joinus}}* The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_well_drilling Wikipedia article on Baptist Drilling], originally written by Paul Cloesen.