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{|width="100%"
|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|
sys1=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|56]]|sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with SewerageEffluent Transport|67]]|
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pic=Septic_tank.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
ManShared=XX|
ManPublic=XX|
Input1=Blackwater|Input2=GreywaterBrownwater|Input3=Greywater| Input4= |Input5=|Output1=Faecal SludgeEffluent |Output2=Effluent Sludge | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|english_link=Septic_Tank|french_link=Fosse_Septique|spanish_link=Fosa_Septica
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|[[Image:Septic_tank.png |right|300px500px]]
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[[Image:Icon_septic_tank.png |right|80px]]
[[Image:Aqua_privyss.PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Aqua privy |Aqua privy]]]]'''A Septic Tank septic tank is a watertight chamber made of concrete, fibreglass, PVC or plastic, for the storage and treatment of through which blackwater and greywaterflows for primary treatment. Settling and anaerobic processes reduce solids and organics, but the treatment is only moderate.'''
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Septic tanks should be vented for controlled release of odorous and potentially harmful gases. The design of a Septic Tank septic tank depends on the number of users, the amount of water used per capita, the average annual temperature, the pumping desludging frequency and the characteristics of the wastewater. The retention time should be designed for 48 hours to achieve moderate treatment. ===Aqua privy===[[Image:Aqua_privyss.PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[Aqua privy |Aqua privy]]]] A variation of the Septic Tank is called an aqua privy, which is a simple storage and settling tank located directly below the toilet, so that the excreta fall into the tank. A housing or shed is built over the tank. A vent pipe with a fly screen at the top end is attached to the housing. To prevent odours from surfacing, a water seal must be maintained by adding sufficient water per toilet visit to the tank via the drop-pipe to replace any losses. However, this may not completely prevent smells and the tank must be frequently desludged. The effluent must be dispersed by using a [[Soak Pit]] or [[Leach Field]] or by transporting the effluent to another treatment technology via a [[Simplified Sewers]] or [[Solids-free Sewer|Solids-Free]].
A variation of the septic tank is called an [[Aqua privy | Aquaprivy]]. This is a simple storage and settling tank that is located directly below the toilet so that the excreta fall into it. The Aquaprivy has a low treatment efficiency.
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{{procontable | pro=
- Can be built Simple and repaired with locally available materials. <br> - Long service life. robust technology<br> - No real problems with flies or odours if used correctly. electrical energy is required<br> - Low capital costs, moderate operating costs depending on water and emptying. <br> - Small land area required. Long service life<br> - No electrical energy Small land area required. (can be built underground)| con=- Low reduction in pathogens, solids and organics. <br> - Regular desludging must be ensured<br>- Effluent and sludge require secondary further treatment and/or appropriate discharge. <br> - Requires constant source of water.
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===AdequacyAppropriateness===This technology is most commonly applied at the household level. Larger, multi-chamber septic tanks can be designed for groups of houses and/ or public buildings (e.g., schools). A Septic Tank septic tank is appropriate where there is a way of dispersing or transporting the effluent. Because the Septic Tank must be desludged regularly, a vacuum truck should be able to access the location. Often Septic Tanks are installed in the home, under the kitchen or bathroom which makes emptying difficult. If Septic Tanks septic tanks are used in densely populated areas, on-site onsite infiltration should not be used , otherwise , the ground will become oversaturated and excreta contaminated, and wastewater may rise up to the surface , posing a serious health risk. Instead, the Septic Tank septic tanks should be connected to a sewer and some type of Conveyance technology, through which the effluent should be is transported to a subsequent treatment Treatment or disposal Disposal site. Larger Even though septic tanks are watertight, multi-chamber Septic Tanks can be designed for groups of houses and/it is not recommended to construct them in areas with high groundwater tables or public buildings (iwhere there is frequent flooding.e. schools). Generally, Because the removal of 50% of solidsseptic tank must be regularly de-sludged, 30 a vacuum truck should be able to 40 % of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and a 1-log removal of Eaccess the location.coli can be expected Often, septic tanks are installed in a well designed Septic Tank although efficiencies vary greatly depending on operation and maintenance and climactic conditionsthe home, under the kitchen or bathroom, which makes emptying difficult.
Septic Tanks tanks can be installed in every type of climate , although the efficiency will be affected lower in colder climates. Even though the Septic Tank is watertight, it should not be constructed in areas with high groundwater tables or where there is frequent flooding. Aquaprivies can be built indoors and above ground and They are appropriate for rocky or flood-prone areas where pits or other technologies would not be appropriate. However, because they require frequent emptying efficient at removing nutrients and constant maintenance, they are only recommended for very specific applicationspathogens.
===Health Aspects/Acceptance===
===Operation & Maintenance===Septic Tanks Because of the delicate ecology, care should be checked taken not to ensure that they are watertight and discharge harsh chemicals into the levels of the scum septic tank. Scum and sludge should levels need to be monitored to ensure that the tank is functioning well. Because of the delicate ecologyGenerally, care septic tanks should be taken not emptied every 2 to discharge harsh chemicals into the 5 years. This is best done by using a [[Motorized Emptying and Transport | Motorized Emptying and Transport]] technology (C.3), but [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport | Human-Powered Emptying]] (C.2) can also be an option. Septic Tank. The sludge tanks should be removed annually using a vacuum truck checked from time to time to ensure proper functioning of the Septic Tankthat they are watertight.
===Field experiences===
<br>{| style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 7040%; text-align: justify; background-color: #f5f5f5e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"<!--rsr logo here-->|- style="vertical-align: top"|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]<!--project blocks here-->|- style="vertical-align: bottom"|[[Image:rsr 790727.jpg|thumb|nonecenter|200px140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/727/ RSR Project 727]<br>TESO North School and Community WASH Project 790</center></font>|link=http://wandelenvoorwater2014rsr.akvoappakvo.org/en/project/790727/]]|'''Akvo RSR Project[[Image:''' project 195.png |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://wandelenvoorwater2014rsr.akvoappakvo.org/en/project/790195/ WaSH program in Rural BangladeshRSR Project 195]Considering the unhealthy and unhygenic environment in rural school and community in southern part of Bangladesh, PSTC will initiate WaSH <br>Basic Sanitation <br>for schools and communitiesLoja Province</center></font>|link=http://rsr. lt ensures drinking water and sanitation both in school and community by installing hardware in selected school and areasakvo. In addition, hygiene promotion is done through group meetingorg/courtyard meeting in school and community.project/195/ ]]
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===Manuals, videos, and links===
This [http://wwwwiki.lifewaterwatermissions.org/resources/san1(X(1)S(x3fkdoq5xqskutjl4j4gkmid))/GetFile.aspx?Page=Simple%20Excreta%20and%20Washwater%20Disposal%20SAN1&File=san1d4.pdf document] lists the specifications that need to be met for a succesful Aqua Privy.
===References===
* PolprasertMara, CD. and Rajput, VSD. (19821996). [http://docs.watsan.net/Scanned_PDF_Files/Class_Code_3_Sanitation/323.2-82SELow-884.pdf Environmental Cost Urban Sanitation Reviews: Septic Tank and Septic Systems](Book). Environmental Sanitation Information CenterWiley, BangkokChichester, AITUK. (Sizing, Thailand. pp 68–74. Comprehensive volume and emptying calculations and exampledesign manual.solutions – Chapter 6)
* Sasse, L. Oxfam (19982008). DEWATS. [httphttps://wwwoxfamilibrary.indiawaterportalopenrepository.orgcom/sitesbitstream/indiawaterportal.orghandle/10546/files126711/Decentralised_%20wastewater_%20treatment_%20in_%20developing_%20countries_A_%20handbook_%20by_%20BORDA_1998tbn9-septic-tank-guidelines-030608-en.pdf Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries?sequence=5&isAllowed=y Septic Tank Guidelines. Technical Brief]. BORDAOxfam GB, Bremen Overseas Research and Development AssociationOxford, Bremen, Germany. Excel® Spreadsheet codes for sizing septic tanksUK.
* CritesUlrich, RA. (Ed.), Reuter, S. (Ed.), Gutterer, B. (Ed.), Sasse, L., Panzerbieter, T. and TchobanoglousReckerzügel, GT. (19982009). [httphttps://bookswedc-knowledge.lboro.googleac.comuk/resources/books/about/Small_and_decentralized_wastewater_managDEWATS_-_Chapter_01.html?id=yx9SAAAAMAAJ Small and Decentralized pdf Decentralised Wastewater Management Treatment Systems(DEWATS) and Sanitation in Developing Countries. A Practical Guide]. WCB and McGraw-HillWEDC, Loughborough University, New YorkLeicestershire, USAUK.
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}