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Sanitation Portal

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{{Language-box|english_link=Sanitation Portal|french_link=Portail d'Hygiène|spanish_link=Portal de Saneamiento|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon|korean_link=coming soon|chinese_link=coming soon|indonesian_link=coming soon|japanese_link=coming soon}}[[Image:Sanitation4icons.png|leftright|120px100px]][[Image:akvopedia logo.png|right|100px|link=http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Main_Page]]

This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level. A complete sanitation system does not consist of only one technology, but rather a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An [[#example|example]] is given at the end of this page.

This portal describes Below, '''sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level''' are presented in different [[Functional Groups|functional groups]]: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.

A sanitation system does not consist of a single technology described below. A complete sanitation system consists of a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, the transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An example is given at the end of this page. In addition to these technologies, the table below lists eight different complete sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex.{| borderstyle="1border: none; background-color: #efefef;" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="background:#f5faff10"| '''1''' [[Single Pit System]]| '''2''' [[Waterless System with Alternating Pits]]Image:IRC new logo.png| '''3''' [[Pour Flush System with Twin Pits]]center| '''4''' [[Waterless System with Urine Diversion]]30px| '''5''' [[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration]]link=http://www.irc.nl/| '''6''' [[Blackwater Treatment System with Sewerage]]| '''7''' [[(Semi-) Centralized Treatment System]]| '''8''' <font size="3">[[Sewerage System with Urine DiversionIRC Sanitation RSS feed]]</font>

|}

<font color="#454545">Jump to more [[#Sanitation_jump | Sanitation resources]] below.</font>

==Sanitation technologies==Below, sanitation technologies are presented in different functional groups: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.<br>

{| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"

!style="background:#efefef;"| User Interface<font size="3">Toilet Facilities</font>! <font size="3">Collection and Storage/ Local Treatment</font>!style="background:#efefef;"| <font size="3">Conveyance</font>! <font size="3">(semiSemi-) Centralized Treatment</font>!style="background:#efefef;"| <font size="3">Use of Products/ Disposal</font>

|- valign="top"

|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" |<!-- Content Column 1 starts here -->

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dry_toilet.png|alt=Dry Toilet|width=9175|link=Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Dry Toilet]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_dry_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|width=9175|link=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|Urine Diverting <br>Dry Toilet]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urinal.png|alt=Urinal|width=9175|link=Urinal}} <br> [[Urinal]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_pour_flush_toilet.png|alt=Pour Flush Toilet|width=9175|link=Pour Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Pour Flush Toilet]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_cistern_flush_toilet.png|alt=Cistern Flush Toilet|width=9175|link=Cistern Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Cistern Flush Toilet]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|width=9175|link=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|Urine Diverting <br>Flush Toilet]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=communal latrine icon.png|alt=Communal Latrines|width=85|link=Communal Latrines}} <br> [[Communal Latrines]]|}{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=toiletCommercial.png|alt=Commercial Toilets|width=85|link=Commercial Toilets}} <br> [[Commercial Toilets]]|}{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Pour_flush_slabs_icon.jpg|alt=Pour flush slabs|width=75|link=Pour flush slabs}} <br> [[Pour flush slabs|Pour flush slabs]]|}{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=TippyTap_icon.png|alt=Tippy Tap|width=9175|link=Tippy Tap}} <br> [[Tippy Tap|Hygiene - Tippy Tap]]

|}

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{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png|alt=Urine Storage tankTank / Container|width=9175|link=Urine Storage tanksTank / Container}} <br> [[Urine Storage tanksTank / Container | Urine Storage<br>Tank / Container]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_pit.png|alt=Single Pit|width=9175|link=Single Pit}} <br> [[Single Pit]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Single Ventilated Improved Pit|width=9175|link=Single Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Single Ventilated Improved Pit|Single Ventilated<br>Improved Pit]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_double_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Double Ventilated Improved Pit|width=9175|link=Double Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Double Ventilated Improved Pit|Double Ventilated <br>Improved Pit]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fossa_alterna.png|alt=Fossa Alterna|width=9175|link=Fossa Alterna}} <br> [[Fossa Alterna]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_twin_pits_for_pour_flush.png|alt=Twin Pits for Pour Flush|width=9175|link=Twin Pits for Pour Flush}} <br> [[Twin Pits for Pour Flush|Twin Pits <br>for Pour Flush]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dehydration_vaultIcon_dehydration_vault_2.png|alt=Dehydration Vaults|width=9175|link=Dehydration Vaults}} <br> [[Dehydration Vaults]]

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{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_composting_chamber.png|alt=Composting Chamber|width=9175|link=Composting Chamber}} <br> [[Composting Chamber]]

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{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_septic_tankIcon_septic_tank_2.png|alt=Septic Tank|width=9175|link=Septic Tank}} <br> [[Septic Tank]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR)|width=9175|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR)}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR)|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR)]]

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{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=9175|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Biogas Reactor|width=9175|link=Anaerobic Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Anaerobic Biogas Reactor]]

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|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 3 - Conveyance- starts here -->{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_jerrycan_tank.png|alt=Jerrycan - tank|width=9175|link=Jerrycan - tank}} <br> [[Jerrycan - tank]]|}{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_human_powered_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|width=75|link=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|Human-Powered <br>Emptying and Transport]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_human_powered_emptying_and_transportIcon_motorized_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Human-Powered Motorized Emptying and Transport|width=9175|link=Human-Powered Motorized Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Human-Powered Motorized Emptying and Transport|Motorized Emptying <br>and Transport]]

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{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_motorized_emptying_and_transportIcon_simplified_sewers.png|alt=Motorized Emptying and TransportSimplified Sewer|width=9175|link=Motorized Emptying and TransportSimplified Sewer}} <br> [[Motorized Emptying and TransportSimplified Sewer]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_simplified_sewersIcon_solids_free_sewer.png|alt=Simplified SewersSolids-free Sewer|width=9175|link=Simplified SewersSolids-free Sewer}} <br> [[Simplified SewersSolids-free Sewer]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_solids_free_sewerIcon_conventional_gravity_sewer.png|alt=Solids-free Conventional Gravity Sewer|width=9175|link=Solids-free Conventional Gravity Sewer}} <br> [[Solids-free Conventional Gravity Sewer|Conventional <br>Gravity Sewer]]

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{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_conventional_gravity_sewerIcon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png|alt=Conventional Gravity SewerTransfer Station (Underground Holding Tank)|width=9175|link=Conventional Gravity SewerTransfer Station - Underground Holding Tank}} <br> [[Conventional Gravity SewerTransfer Station - Underground Holding Tank|Transfer Station - <br>Underground Holding Tank]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tankIcon_sewer_discharge_station.png|alt=Transfer Sewer Discharge Station (Underground Holding Tank)|width=9175|link=Transfer Sewer Discharge Station (Underground Holding Tank)}} <br> [[Transfer Sewer Discharge Station (Underground Holding Tank)]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sewer_discharge_stationSettled_sewerage_small_icon.pngjpg|alt=Sewer Discharge StationSettled sewerage (small diameter)|width=9175|link=Sewer Discharge StationSettled sewerage (small diameter)}} <br> [[Sewer Discharge StationSettled sewerage (small diameter) | Settled sewerage<br> (small diameter)]]

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{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled ReactorPre-Treatment Technologies|width=9175|link=Anaerobic Baffled ReactorPre-Treatment Technologies}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled ReactorPre-Treatment Technologies|Pre-Treatment <br>Technologies]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filtersettler icon.png|alt=Anaerobic FilterSettler|width=9175|link=Anaerobic FilterSettler}} <br> [[Anaerobic FilterSettler]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_waste_stabilization_pondsImhoff icon.png|alt=Waste Stabilization PondImhoff Tank|width=9175|link=Waste Stabilization PondImhoff Tank}} <br> [[Waste Stabilization PondImhoff Tank]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aerated_pondIcon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Aerated PondAnaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|width=9175|link=Aerated PondAnaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)}} <br> [[Aerated PondAnaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR)]]

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{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetlandIcon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Free-Water Surface Constructed WetlandAnaerobic Filter|width=9175|link=Free-Water Surface Constructed WetlandAnaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Free-Water Surface Constructed WetlandAnaerobic Filter ]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetlandIcon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed WetlandCocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines|width=9175|link=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed WetlandCocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines}} <br> [[Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed WetlandCocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines | Cocopeat biofilter <br>secondary treatment system]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetlandIcon_waste_stabilization_ponds.png|alt=Vertical Flow Constructed WetlandWaste Stabilization Pond|width=9175|link=Vertical Flow Constructed WetlandWaste Stabilization Pond}} <br> [[Vertical Flow Constructed WetlandWaste Stabilization Pond]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_trickling_filterIcon_aerated_pond.png|alt=Trickling FilterAerated Pond|width=9175|link=Trickling FilterAerated Pond}} <br> [[Trickling FilterAerated Pond]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactorIcon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ReactorFree-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|width=9175|link=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ReactorFree-Water Surface Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ReactorFree-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|Free-Water Surface <br>Constructed Wetland]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_activated_sludgeIcon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Activated SludgeHorizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|width=9175|link=Activated SludgeHorizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Activated SludgeHorizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|Horizontal Subsurface <br>Flow Constructed Wetland]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sedimentation_thickening_pondsIcon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Sedimentation - Thickening PondsVertical Flow Constructed Wetland|width=9175|link=Sedimentation - Thickening PondsVertical Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Sedimentation - Thickening PondsVertical Flow Constructed Wetland|Vertical Flow <br>Constructed Wetland]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_bedsIcon_trickling_filter.png|alt=Unplanted Drying BedsTrickling Filter|width=9175|link=Unplanted Drying BedsTrickling Filter}} <br> [[Unplanted Drying BedsTrickling Filter]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_bedsIcon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactor.png|alt=Planted Drying BedsUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|width=9175|link=Planted Drying BedsUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor}} <br> [[Planted Drying BedsUpflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|Upflow Anaerobic <br>Sludge Blanket Reactor]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-compostingIcon_activated_sludge.png|alt=Co-compostingActivated Sludge|width=9175|link=Co-compostingActivated Sludge}} <br> [[Co-compostingActivated Sludge]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactorIcon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png|alt=Anaerobic Biogas ReactorSedimentation - Thickening Ponds|width=9175|link=Anaerobic Biogas ReactorSedimentation - Thickening Ponds}} <br> [[Anaerobic Biogas ReactorSedimentation - Thickening Ponds|Sedimentation - <br>Thickening Ponds]]

|}

{|style="height:145px"

|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_beds.png|alt=Unplanted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Unplanted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Unplanted Drying Beds]]

|}

{|style="height:145px"

|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_beds.png|alt=Planted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Planted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Planted Drying Beds]]

|}

{|style="height:145px"

|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-composting.png|alt=Co-composting|width=75|link=Co-composting}} <br> [[Co-composting]]

|}

{|style="height:145px"

|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Biogas Reactor|width=75|link=Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Biogas Reactor]]

|}

{|style="height:145px"

|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection|width=75|link=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection}} <br> [[Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection|Tertiary Filtration <br>and Disinfection]]

|}

{|style="height:145px"

|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Struvite recovery|width=75|link=Struvite recovery}} <br> [[Struvite recovery]]

|}

 

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{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fill_and_cover_arborloo.png|alt=Fill and Cover - Arborloo|width=9175|link=Fill and Cover - Arborloo}} <br> [[Fill and Cover - Arborloo|Fill and Cover <br>- Arborloo]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_urine.png|alt=Application of Stored Urine|width=9175|link=Application of Stored Urine}} <br> [[Application of Stored Urine|Application of <br>Stored Urine]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_dehydrated_faeces.png|alt=Application of Dehydrated Faeces|width=9175|link=Application of Dehydrated Faeces}} <br> [[Application of Dehydrated Faeces|Application of <br>Dehydrated Faeces]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Application of Pit Humus and Compost - Eco-Humus|width=9175|link=Application of Pit Humus and Compost - Eco-Humus}} <br> [[Application of Pit Humus and Compost - Eco-|Application of Pit <br>Humusand Compost]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=biogas_as_source_of_energy_iconIcon_land_application_of_sludge.jpgpng|alt=Biogas as source Application of energySludge|width=9175|link=Biogas as source Application of energySludge}} <br> [[Biogas as source Application of energy|Biogas for energySludge]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_irrigation.png|alt=Irrigation|width=9175|link=Irrigation}} <br> [[Irrigation]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_soak_pit.png|alt=Soak Pit|width=9175|link=Soak Pit}} <br> [[Soak Pit]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_leach_field.png|alt=Leach Field|width=9175|link=Leach Field}} <br> [[Leach Field]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aquaculture.png|alt=Aquaculture PondsFish Pond|width=9175|link=Aquaculture PondsFish Pond}} <br> [[Aquaculture PondsFish Pond]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_floating_plant_macrophyte_pond.png|alt=Floating Plant (Macrophyte) Pond|width=9175|link=Floating Plant (Macrophyte) Pond}} <br> [[Floating Plant (Macrophyte) Pond | Floating Plant Pond]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png|alt=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|width=9175|link=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge}} <br> [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|Water Disposal - <br>Groundwater Recharge]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_land_application_of_sludgeIcon_surface_disposal.png|alt=Land Application of SludgeSurface Disposal and Storage|width=9175|link=Land Application of SludgeSurface Disposal and Storage}} <br> [[Land Application of SludgeSurface Disposal and Storage|Surface Disposal <br>and Storage]]

|}

{|style="height:140px145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_surface_disposalbiogas_as_source_of_energy_icon.jpg|alt=Biogas Combustion|width=75|link=Biogas Combustion}} <br> [[Biogas Combustion|Biogas Combustion]]|}{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Surface DisposalProductive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security|width=9175|link=Surface DisposalProductive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security}} <br> [[Surface DisposalProductive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security|Productive Sanitation<br> & the Link to <br>Food Security]]

|}

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<br>

 

===Field experiences===

These projects are utilizing sanitation techniques and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].

 

 

{{RSR_table

|1image=project 107.jpg |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/107/ |1project#=107 |1project name=Rainwater harvesting in Guinee Bissau|

|2image=project 600.jpg |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ |2project#=600 |2project name=Community-led WASH and Safe Motherhood|

|3image=project 830.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/830/ |3project#=830 |3project name=Scanning and Mapping the WASH Situation|

|4image=project 388.jpg |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/388/ |4project#=388 |4project name=WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia |

|5image=project 351.jpg |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/351/ |5project#=351 |5project name=Cost effective means of financing WASH |

}}

{{RSR_table

|1image=project 459.jpg |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/459/ |1project#=459 |1project name=Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communities |

|2image=project 462.jpg |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/462/ |2project#=462 |2project name=Northern Region WASH Programme |

|3image=project 386.jpg |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/386/ |3project#=386 |3project name=Scaling-up using CLTS in Kenya |

|4image=project 469.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/469/ |4project#=469 |4project name=Implementing an IWRM process in Mashuru |

|5image=project 361.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/361/ |5project#=361 |5project name=Improving Communal Health Through WASH |

}}

{{RSR_table

|1image=project 401.jpg |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/401/ |1project#=401 |1project name=Eau, hygiène et assainissement |

|2image=project 364.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/364/ |2project#=364 |2project name=WASH in Gorkha and Baglung |

|3image=project 366.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/366/ |3project#=366 |3project name=WASH Sustainability through Women Led MFI |

|4image=project 367.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/367/ |4project#=367 |4project name=SWASH in Birendranagar, Surkhet |

|5image=project 488.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/488/ |5project#=488 |5project name=Community-based WASH Project in Nepal|

}}

<br>

 

==={{subst:anchor|Sanitation_jump}}Sanitation resources===

[[Image:san pack.png|thumb|right|200px|Photo: [http://www.ircwash.org/ IRC]]]

* [[Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection]]

* [[Sanitation as a Business]]

* [http://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package IRC Sanitation Pack] - IRC Sanitation Pack, SanPack for short, contains an overview of available methods, techniques and tools in a low-cost, non-sewered sanitation service model. The [http://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package materials] have been developed and used by IRC and its long-standing and more recent partners in the South and the North in some 20 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

 

* For a helpful sourcebook in the training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector, browse or download the set of animated PowerPoints called [[Sustainable sanitation training material| Sustainable Sanitation]], by clicking the pink box below.

<br>

[[Image:sourcebook.png|none|250px|link=http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation_training_material]]

 

<br>

 

===Sanitation systems ===

* [[Sanitation Systems & Technology Options]]

* [[The Functional Sanitation Ladder]]

* [[Planning of Sustainable Sanitation for Cities]]

==Sanitation systems ==Example====In this section we give an example of This is a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet]] connecting to [[Storage tanks]], where the faeces are taken away through [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport]] to be processed through [[Co-composting]] and then finally be used through [[Application of Compost - Eco-Humus]] and the [[Application of Urine]].

[[Image:sanitation_system_example.jpg]]

The table below lists eight different examples of sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex. Of course, many other systems are possible, depending on the local context.

{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="background:#f5faff"

| '''1''' [[Single Pit System]]

| '''2''' [[Waterless System with Alternating Pits]]

| '''3''' [[Pour Flush Pit System without Sludge Production]]

| '''4''' [[Waterless System with Urine Diversion]]

| '''5''' [[Biogas System]]

| '''6''' [[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration]]

| '''7''' [[Blackwater Treatment System with Effluent Transport]]

| '''8''' [[Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System]]

| '''9''' [[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion]]

|}

 

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=== Acknowledgements ===

* The majority of the material in this portal was adapted from: Tilley, E. et al. (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies]. Eawag: The Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

 

* Currently, [http://www.waste.nl WASTE] is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future.

== Acknowledgements ==* Much of the material in this section comes from the book [http://www.eawagnwp.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies], Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). ([http:nl/_docs/www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_lowSSS_2006.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag).* [http://www.irc.nl/page/28448 Smart Sanitation Solutions] produced in collaboration with [http://www.nwp.nl Netherlands Water Partnership], [http://www.waste.nl WASTE], [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ PRACTICA], [http://www.ircircwash.nl org/ IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre], SIMAWI [http://www.simavi.org SIMAVI] and [http://www.partnersforwaterpartnersvoorwater.nl/ Partners voor Water]

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