'''In Lubango, Angola''', the Dutch supported a pilot ‘handpump leasing’ project under which a small town water utility owned the handpumps in surrounding villages and was responsible for maintenance in return for a monthly fee paid by villagers. Mobile brigades from the utility company were supposed to visit the pumps regularly for preventative maintenance and repairs for each pump. However, a 2006 evaluation found that the system did not succeed in covering costs, and so rural handpump maintenance fell off.
In Burkina Faso and Rwanda, the private operators of rural piped schemes also assumed responsibility for handpumps within the supply areas. Vergnet Hydro and its partner, Faso Hydro, were one such operator for seven schemes in Burkina Faso. Eventually, the operator closed down the handpumps within 500 meters of a standpost. It proved impossible to monitor sales from the handpumps, and the nonrevenue non-revenue water supplied from them undercut the sales from the piped schemes.
In Rwanda, most PPP contracts for rural piped schemes state that the operators must also maintain other improved sources in the supply area, which in Eastern Province included handpumps. The results from this experience have not yet been documented.
====Akvo RSR Projects====
The following project(s) make use of public-private partnerships.
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|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]
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|[[Image:project 487.png |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org//project/487/ RSR Project 487]<br>Knowledge Management and Learning, Uganda WA</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/487/ ]]
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===Public-private partnerships links===
* [http://www.wateraid.org/documents/plugin_documents/psp_in_uganda_april_2003.pdf Public policy for the private sector: Rural water service: is a private national operator a viable business model?]
* [http://aspa-utilitieswww.ircwash.comorg/resources/Dardenne_OECD.pdf OECD global forum on sustainable development: role-private-sector-peri-urban-or-rural-water-services-emerging-countries The role of the private sector in peri-urban or rural water services in emerging countries]
* [http://www.wateraid.org/documents/plugin_documents/private_operation_in_rural_water_supply.pdf WaterAid: Private operation in the rural water supply in Central Tanzania: Quick fixes and slow transitions]
* [http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/sa_rwss.pdf WSP: The growth of the private sector participation in rural water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh]
* [httpshttp://smartlessonswww.ifcrural-water-supply.orgnet/en/uploadsresources/smartlessonsdetails/20110124T165018_Water%20-%20PPPs%20in%20RWS-Rwanda_FINAL.pdf IFC & WSP: 553 Improving rural water service in Rwanda with public-private partnerships]
* [http://www.wsp.org/wsp/sites/wsp.org/files/publications/PPPs_for_small_piped_water_schemes_English.pdf WSP: A review of progress in seven African countries. Public-private partnerships for small piped schemes]