===Construction, operations and maintenance===
====Design and construction tips====
* Build the dam in stages if it means it will be more solid
* An out-take, gravity pipe and water tap point should be constructed to abstract water downstream from the dam
* The downstream side of the dam should be protected against erosion in case the dam overflows
* The size of the dam and catchment area should be consistent with the available labour force
* The shape of the reservoir created by the dam should minimize evaporation losses
* Local construction materials should be used and relied on
* The catchment area should be protected against pollution
'''General advice on cement''': A common cause of cracks in structures and linings (e.g. in tanks, dams, waterways, wells) is errors in mixing and applying the cement. First of all, it is important that only pure ingredients are used: clean water, clean sand, clean rocks. The materials have to be mixed very thoroughly. Secondly, the amount of water during mixing needs to be minimal: the concrete or cement needs to be just workable, on the dry side even, and not fluid. Thirdly, it is essential that during curing the cement or concrete is kept moist at all times, for at least a week. Structures should be covered with plastic, large leaves or other materials during the curing period, and kept wet regularly.