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Natural ground catchment and Open water reservoir

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→‎Reference manuals, videos, and links

The oxen worked in pairs for five hours a day. Two pairs were used in two shifts every day. They were fed two kgs daily of a mixture of bran and oilseed cake (noug) and grazed for seven hours. The feeding of concentrates was considered necessary because drought had reduced grass cover to a minimum. All oxen were watered every three days, which is a common practice. Seven ponds were excavated in 81 days. The amount of silt taken away totaled 3,254 cubic metres. The average volume of silt excavated per ox-pair per day was 13 cubic metres in 62 loads. The cost of excavation by scoop totaled US$ 0.30/0.40 per cubic metre. Excavation costs using heavy earth moving machinery were about US$2.00 to US$3.00 per cubic metre.

==Reference manualsManuals, videos, and links==

* [http://www.smallreservoirs.org/ Small reservoirs tool kit] Edited by Marc Andreini, Tonya Schuetz, and Larry Harrington. Small Reservoirs Project.

** Topics include: intervention planning, storage and hydrology, ecosystems and human health, institutions and economics.

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