Changes

Natural ground catchment and Open water reservoir

840 bytes added, 23:01, 20 April 2012

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==Suitable conditions==

{{Climate_change

|heading1=Drought

|text1=- ''Effects of drought'': Tend to dry up quickly, especially if unlined; Conflict over water for animals. <br> - ''Underlying causes of effects'': Lack of rainfall; High evaporation rates; High seepage rates through base of pond and through dam; Storage not sufficient for demand – silting up of ponds due to high silt load, high level of work in constructing ponds. <br> - ''To increase resiliency of WASH system'': Reduce evaporation & seepage; Follow proper construction methods; Reduce siltation so there can be more volume capacity; Promote private ownership of ponds, so that de-silting process more likely; Improve access to low-cost loans with long-time repayment conditions so that farmers can replicate technology; Phased construction until capacity is sufficient for water demand.

}}

* Base of the pond should be impermeable, e.g. unfissured rock or clay, to save costs and prevent having to find a form of lining.

* Minimize excavation – use natural or man-made topographical features, e.g. borrow pits from road construction, or sloping ground.

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