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ICZM in Indonesia

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{{English-Bahasa-box|english_link= ICZM in Indonesia | indonesian_link= ICZM di Indonesia}}

Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>

{| class="wikitable"|=== Introduction '''Coastal Zone Problems in Indonesia''' ===In March 2019 The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast coastal zone in Indonesia include:* loss of Central Javamangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries, Indonesia was started. The project started introducing Central Java Province * improper utilization of coastal zone by "money holders" (CJPnot coastal inhabitant - example conversion of mangrove forest for Tambak) to , * declining socio-economic livelihood status of the concepts already poor inhabitants of ICZM coastal villages, * increasing coastal population, * overfishing and understanding use of destructive methods, * lack of comprehensive ecological information concerning the coastal issueszone/resources for developers an~ decision-makers at the provincial level, * the mechanisms relevance of agricultural policy for income and tools to influence these mechanismsfood security<ref>Sukardjo S. Also it was guiding the province in the process of becoming a competent authority leading (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM ) in Central Java so they can exercise their mandate Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on this matterIntegrated Coastal Zone Management. Unfortunately the global pandemic has halted the project while it was entering its second yearEnvironmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>.

To make sure that The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend the use of the ICZM concept in the content management of marine resources and lessons learned within other marine activities. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in implementing the project are not lost it was decided to make a final content reportICZM concept. This report It is not based on new research, except therefore appropriate for some spatial plan and legal tools analysis. It shows international Indonesia to apply the ICZM perspectives, summarizes the findings on concept as an alternative solution to the coastal problems and bottlenecks within it faces in the project management of marine and gives conclusions coastal resources and recommendations. The content within the ICZM other activities in Indonesia Akvopedia page is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final (concept) content reportmarine sector.<ref>Victor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts and Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde) and Mugy Grimwaldy http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(Bita Bina Semesta1) Date 21-9-202126.pdf</ref>

|}===The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast of Central Java ===In March 2019 the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast of Central Java, Indonesia started. The project started introducing Central Java Province (CJP) to the concepts of ICZM and understanding the coastal issues, the mechanisms and tools to influence these mechanisms. Also it was guiding the province in the process of becoming a competent authority leading ICZM in Central Java so they can exercise their mandate on this matter.

==== Table Unfortunately the global pandemic has halted the project while it was entering its second year. [http://pusdataru.jatengprov.go.id/ PUSDATARU] (department of Content ====CJP) indicated that they were no longer able to support the project due to budget re-allocation for the mitigation of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a consequence it was no longer feasible to continue the project.

{| class="wikitable"![[File:2 Pengelolaan Zona PantaiTo make sure that the content and lessons learned within the project are not lost it was decided to make a final content report. This report is not based on new research, except for some spatial plan and legal tools analysis. It shows international ICZM perspectives, summarizes the findings on the coastal problems and bottlenecks within the project and gives conclusions and recommendations. It was presented to CJP on 28 September 2021. A presentation is added as in the Annex.png|frameless|100x100px]]

'''The table of content below is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final content report<subref>ICZM: International perspectiveVictor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts (TwynstraGudde, Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde), Mugy Grimwaldy (Bita Bina Semesta) and Henni Hendarti (Deltares), Date 21-9-2021</subref>'''![[File:12 Study Casewith additional extra resources.png|frameless|100x100px]]

{| class="wikitable"|+'''Table of Content'''![[File:2 Pengelolaan Zona Pantai.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]'''_{Analysis of coastal spatial plans[[2. ICZM: International perspective]]}'''![[File:11 RegulationStakeholders in ICZM.png|center|frameless|100x100px]][[2. Institutions|'''3. Institutions''']]![[File:9 Masterplan.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]_{[[3. Analysis of legal toolscoastal spatial plans|4. Analysis of coastal spatial plans]]} |-|![[File:1 Aspek Teknis11 Regulation.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]_{'''[[4. Analysis of legal tools|5. Analysis of coastal problems and bottlenecks'''legal tools]]}|![[File:9 Masterplan12 Study Case.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]_{[[7. Annexes & Presentations|'''Conclusions and recommendations6. Annexes & Presentations'''}|]]

|}

'''Acknowledgments'''[[File:Logo Partners Voor Water.png|right|frameless|250x250px]]

====== '''[[ICZM in Indonesia]]''' =Acknowledgements =====Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In[https: Salomons W//www., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran Spartnersvoorwater. nl/ '''Partners for Water (edsPartners voor Water) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>''']

====== '''Coastal Zone Problems in Indonesia''' ======The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the coastal zone in Indonesia include • loss of mangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries, • improper utilization of coastal zone by "money holders" (not coastal inhabitant - example conversion of mangrove forest Partners for Tambak), • declining socio-economic livelihood status of Water is the already poor inhabitants of coastal villages, • increasing coastal population, • overfishing and use of destructive methods, • lack of comprehensive ecological information concerning the coastal zone/resources program for developers an~ decision-makers at parties in the provincial levelDutch water sector with international ambitions. For more than ten years, • the relevance of agricultural policy Partners for income and food security<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons WWater has been supporting innovative projects by collaborating parties abroad.With knowledge, Turner R.K.advice, de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>financing and networks.

The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992[https://twynstra.com/#2 '''TwynstraGudde'''][[File:Twynstra logo. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend png|right|frameless]]TwynstraGudde is the use leading partner of the ICZM concept in the management Northern Coastal of marine resources Central Java Project. Twynstra Gudde’s expertise is in strategy, organisation and other marine activitiesmanagement, i. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in e developing knowledge and capacity building and also have international experience, such as implementing the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 project. Within the ICZM concept. It in Central Java project, TwynstraGudde's role is therefore appropriate for Indonesia to apply the ICZM concept as an alternative solution to the problems it faces in the management of marine advise on and coastal resources provide coaching for capacity building and other activities in the marine sectorknowledge development, e.g.institutional capacity, connective capacity, strategy forming, stakeholder management and financing<ref>httphttps://oseanografi.lipitwynstra.go.idcom/dokumentwynstra-gudde-wins-tender-for-coastal-zone-management-project-in-indonesia/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf</ref>.

=== Implementation of ICZM in Indonesia ==={| class="wikitable"|-|[[File:Draft-01 GeneralWitteveen+Bos logo.png|80x80pxright|frameless]]|'''[https://akvopedia.org/wiki/ICZM_in_Central_Java ICZM in Central Java]'''|The [https://jatengprov.go.id/ Central Java Provincial Government] in Indonesia has made a commitment to revitalize and restore the northern coasts of Central Java with the ICZM approach. One of the efforts is by cooperating with [https://www.dutchwatersectorwitteveenbos.com/news/twynstragudde-winsabout-tender-for-coastal-zone-management-project-on-java-indonesia The Dutch-Indonesian ICZM consortium], who will assist the local authorities with knowledge development and capacity building to implement ICZM. |-|[[File:Draft-01 General.png|80x80px]]|'''ICZM in North Sumatra'''|North Sumatra is the potential to increase coastal tourism as well as to enhance the economic growth of the area. The main objective of North Sumatra government strategic planning is economic development that describes on their mission to enlarge social ability and support regional economic stakeholders in taking advantage of natural resources and services of integrated and sustained coastal zone management for developing marine tourism. The strategy needed in gaining North Sumatra's potential tourism in the coastal area. The key challenges are lack of integrated coastal policies with effective implementation and difficulty of coordinating among several government agencies whose manage coastal activities Integration and collaborative approach is needed to secure the stainable development of marine areas in a healthy environment. The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) would be suitable to be applied in the North Sumatra coastal area if the NorthSumatra tourism industry is to remain profitable in the long term.<ref>https:us//www.researchgate.net/publication/319206751_integrated_coastal_tourism_planning_in_north_sumatera</ref>|-|[[File:Draft-01 General.png|80x80px]Witteveen+Bos]|ICZM in ..||} {| class="wikitable"!Definition of Integrated Coastal Zone Management|-|'''(ICZM)''' is a complex term. ICZM, as an integrated approach of the coastal zone, needs to be related to its broader context. This features context and means looking at developments in political & administrative, economic, societal, technological, environmental and legal fields. It requires knowledge of the physical systems (for example upstream-downstream relations) and availability of data.  |-|ICZM calls for organizing and development of institutional capacities and a stakeholder network. It is a management challenge (how to make it work?). It calls for establishing the right decision-making platforms and for example working groups and a stakeholder network with good relationships. All these elements are explained further on this wiki-portal.|-|[http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Some_definitions_of_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_(ICZM) Some definitions of ICZM] is compiled in this [http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_(ICZM) Coastal Wiki] page.|} === How to Apply ICZM ==={| class="sortable"|-|[[File:Draft-04 Technical Aspects.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:ICZM working together.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:Draft-03 Finance.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:ICZM building strong organization.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]||[[File:ICZM learning.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]|-|[[ICZM: Technical Aspects | Technical Aspects]]||[[ICZM: Working Together | Working Together ]]||[[ICZM: Financing | Financing ]]||[[ICZM: Building a Strong Organization | Building a <br>Strong Organization]] ||[[ICZM: Learning and Personal Development | Learning and <br>Personal Development]] |}

=== Videos ==={| class="wikitable"! colspan="3" |Videos on ICZM|-| colspan="3" |Here are several videos explaining what integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) Witteveen+Bos is all about an engineering and issues related consultancy firm with expertise in supporting partners to ICZM from overcome challenging problems in water, infrastructure, the environment and construction. Witteveen has had experiences working in various sources projects in Java. Within the project, Witteveen+Bos takes the role of operational project lead and provides the technical expertise and experts on knowledge as well as experience of coastal managementdevelopment.|-|{{YouTube| id = g3uD-m6DPcc}}

Interview with Dr'''[https://www. Peter Rbita. Burbridge, emeritus professor and coastal management expert from Newcastle University at U.K, about the meaning of ICZMid/bita-bina-semesta/ Bita Bina Semesta]'''[[File:Bita-bbs logo.png|{{YouTuberight| id = qvcw_petP2wframeless]]}}Interview with John RPT BITA BINA SEMESTA/BBS is an Indonesian National Consultant Company specializing on 'front end' type of works, including planning and environmental studies for power plant development, mineral and natural resource development, urban development, infrastructure and industrial development.Clark, ICZM an expert from Bita's role in the United States who project is also an international specialist in to support studies and planning towards the development of marine protected areasCentral Java ICZM masterplan.|{{YouTube| id = wDVSZefJqXU}}Short video graphic about coastal management.|}

=== Research/Publications ===[[File:Center for ICZM UNDIP Logo.png|right|frameless]]'''[https://wwwiczm.researchgateundip.netac.id/publication/32157545_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_ICZM_in_Indonesia_A_View_from_a_Mangrove_Ecologist Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia: A View from a Mangrove EcologistCenter for ICZM, Diponegoro University]'''

[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223755373_Integrated_coastal_zone_management_towards_Indonesia_global_ocean_observing_system_INA-GOOS_Review_and_recommendation Integrated Center for ICZM UNDIP is is a research center that focuses on integrated coastal zone area management towards in Indonesia global ocean observing system (INA-GOOS): Review and recommendation]. Within the project, the research center works together with the Central Java Provincial Government to lead in the preparation of the Brebes Regency master plan in 2021.

===== Media =====* [httphttps://oseanografi.lipijatengprov.go.id/dokumenpublik/oseana_xxxi(1)21belanda-26pertajam-kerja-sama-revitalisasi-pantura-jawa/ "The Netherlands Sharpens Cooperation for the Revitalization of the Java Coast", Jan 30th 2018 | Central Java Government Official Website]* [https://humas.jatengprov.go.pdf Integrated id/detail_berita_gubernur?id=2450 "ICZM Team Ready To Handle Coastal Zone Management in IndonesiaAreas of Central Java", March 28th, 2019 | Central Java Government Public Relations Website]

===== References =====

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