The first paper in the series - ''An overview of the financial instruments for sanitation used in FINISH programmes in India and Kenya'' - was launched on the 11th of November 2015. The first copies were simultaneously handed over by Stefan Reuter (Director Borda, a partner of WASTE) to Graham Alabaster (Chief Basic Urban Services UN-Habitat) and by one of the contributors of the first paper, Theo Brouwers (Actiam) within the company. It is available on different websites ([http://www.finishsociety.org finishsociety.org], [http://www.waste.nl waste.nl]) and is posted on several different forums.
As the The papers are very close to our daily practices as they are , written purely on the basis of our experience, insights and materials developed in our own within sanitation programmes in India and Kenya. As you can imagine, financial Financial engineering is not a theoretical exercise, therefore every article will be based on our practical experiences. This is also the reason why you will find no references in most of our the articles. The articles have been written by different experts in the field of sanitation, financing and business development, each one of them passionate and at the same time closely connected to sanitation financing from different perspectives.
===FINANCING SANITATION PAPER SERIES #1===
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The financial inclusion paragraphs of FINISH show a diversity which was not foreseen when the programme was initiated. During the Stockholm International Water Week 2015, I discussed our financial engineering activities in India and Kenya were discussed with a number of people (Pim van der Male (Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs), Sjef Ernes (Aqua4All) and David Wilcox (ReachScale). This discussion led to the idea to list the of different financial instruments that we are using used in the FINISH programmes in India and Kenya.A quick scan already produced a list of 17 financial instruments. After writing them down in detail, the list grew to over 30 instruments. Some of these are generally known, but many of them are relatively new - some even under development. It Presented is our pleasure to present this overview and also the direction we are moving of movement with the instruments that we are currently testing being tested and finalizingfinalized. It The hope is our hope that this will assist development partners in designing, financing and implementing sanitation programmes, projects and businesses and thereby contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6: ensure water and sanitation access for all. This short report provides an overview of the different financial instruments.
====Microfinance====
From the entire spectrum of micro finance (financial literacy, micro credit, micro savings, micro insurance and micro pensions) most instruments are used in FINISH in India and Kenya. The microfinance instruments could still be further detailed in loan types and amounts (whereby differences and similarities between countries become apparent) and also different types of insurance products on offer. Also we do Micro pensions are not include micro pensions included, as it is not directly linked to the programme, though this is done by some of our partners.
'''Entire Paper Download''': [http://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/regional-chapters/indian-chapter/library-indian-chapter/details/2438 Financing Sanitation Paper Series #1 - An overview of the financial instruments for sanitation used in FINISH programmes in India and Kenya]
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In this paper we describe Described here are actual cases in Ethiopia, India and Kenya. We are seemingly fond of acronyms as the The experiences that are used here are drawn from the SPA, ISSUE-2 and FINISH programmes. Both the SPA and ISSUE-2 programmes had multiple objectives, financing being one of these. In the case of FINISH, financial inclusion is one of the two key objectives. The other being improved sanitation and densities of the same leading to better community health. In practical terms this implies that more quantitative data will be available from FINISH.
Many of the sanitation programmes including those above run on two premises:<br>
2. People are willing to pay, but not all people have the capacity to pay
Realising that there are limited public funds available, can we identify mixtures of public and private financing that leverage limited public financial resources, attract other financial resources and target public resources to those most in need. The drawing below provides an overview hereof. Stratifying communities opens the possibility to design targeted/tailored financial instruments. The graph below in the paper (available for download) shows on the left side the current scenario with many vulnerable people to a new scenario that is based on the ability to pay for sanitation investments and widens the “net” of private financing.
'''Entire Paper Download''': [http://www.susana.org/en/knowledge-hub/resources-and-publications/library/details/2439 Financing Sanitation Paper Series #2 - The essence of public and private funding for sanitation]