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pic=Composting_chamber.png|
ApplHousehold=XX|
ManShared=XX|
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Input1=Organics|Input2=Excreta|Input3=Faeces| Input4= Dry Cleansing Materials |Input5=|Output1=Compost/Ecohumus | Output2= Effluent| Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|french_link=Chambre de compostage|english_link=Composting Chamber|spanish_link=Camara_de_Compostaje
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|[[Image:Composting_chamber.png |right|300px500px]]
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[[Image:Icon_composting_chamber.png |right|95px80px]]'''Composting refers to the process by which biodegradable components are biologically decomposed under aerobic conditions by microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi)under aerobic conditions. A Composting Chamber converts composting chamber is designed to convert excreta and organics into Compostcompost. Compost is a stable, inoffensive product that can be safely handled safely and used as a soil conditioner.'''
<br>
This technology usually requires four main parts:
# an access door to remove the mature product.
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{{procontable | pro=
- The compost that is removed is safe to handle and Significant reduction in pathogens <br>- Compost can be used as a soil conditioner. <br> - Can help reduce the volume of solid waste generated by diverting organic material into the composting unit. No real problems with flies or odours if used and maintained correctly <br> - Can Organic solid waste can be built and repaired with locally available materials managed concurrently <br> - Long service life. <br> - No real problems with flies or odours Low operating costs if used correctly. <br> self-emptied | con=- LowRequires well-moderate capital costs depending on emptying; low operating costs. trained user or service personnel for monitoring and maintenance <br> - High reduction of pathogens. Compost might require further treatment before use <br> - Does not require constant source of water. | con=- Leachate requires secondary treatment and/or appropriate discharge. <br> - Requires expert design and construction supervision. <br> - May require some specialized parts and electricity <br> - May require long start up time. Requires constant source of organics <br>- Manual removal of compost is required
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==Adequacy=Appropriateness=== Although simple Since this technology is compact and waterless, it is especially suited in theoryareas where land and water are limited, Composting Chambers are not always easy to operateor when there is a need for compost. The moisture must It can also be controlled to prevent anaerobic conditionsinstalled in rocky areas, or where the ratio of carbon and nitrogen must groundwater table is high. In cold climates, a composting chamber should be well balanced and indoors to ensure that low temperatures do not impede the volume of the unit must microbial processes. This technology cannot be such that used for the temperature collection of anal cleansing water or greywater; if the compost pile remains between 40 to 50°C. Howeverreactor becomes too wet, once the composting process is well established, the system is quite robustanaerobic conditions will cause odour problems and improper degradation.
===Upgrading===
A simple Composting Chamber can be upgraded to include a small ventilation fan, a mechanical mixer, or multiple compartments to allow for increased storage and degradation time.
==Maintenance=Field experiences=== Depending on the design, the Composting Chamber should be emptied every The following projects utilize composting chamber methods.<br>{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 40%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2 to 10 years"|- style="vertical-align: top"|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite. Only the completely mature compost should be removedpng|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]|- style="vertical-align: bottom"|[[Image:project 789.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr. With time, salt or other solids may build up in the tank or in the leachateakvo.org/project/789/ RSR Project 789]<br>MWA-collecting system, which can be dissolved with hot water andLAP: <br>Colombia</center></font>|link=http://or scraped outrsr.akvo. A squeeze test can be used to check the moisture level within the Composting Chamberorg/project/789/ ]] |[[Image:project 790. A squeeze test requires the user to squeeze a handful of compostjpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr. The compost should not crumble and feel dry, nor should it feel like a wet spongeakvo. Rather, the compost should only leave a few drops of water org/project/790/ RSR Project 790]<br>WaSH program in the user’s hand<br>Rural Bangladesh</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/790/ ]] |}
* Del Porto, D. and Steinfeld, C. (1999). [http://books.google.com/books/about/The_composting_toilet_system_book.html?id=ve8eAQAAIAAJ The Composting Toilet System Book. A Practical Guide to Choosing, Planning and Maintaining Composting Toilet Systems, a Water-Saving, Pollution-Preventing an Alternative]to Sewer and Septic Systems (Book). The Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention (CEPP), Concord, Massachusetts. Comprehensive installation and maintenance for pre-fabricated unitsMA, US.
* DrescherHill, SG. B., ZurbrüggBaldwin, CS., Enayetullah, IA. and SinghaVinnerås, MADB. (20062013). [http://wwwsustainablesummits.eawag.chorg/forschungwp-content/sandecuploads/gruppen2017/swm07/projects/decentralised_composting/index Decentralised Hill-Baldwin-Vinneras-2013-Composting for Cities of Low- and MiddleToilets-Misnomer-PUB.pdf Composting Toilets a Misnomer: Excessive Ammonia from Urine Inhibits Microbial Activity yet Is Insufficient in Sanitizing the End-Income Countries – A User’s ManualProduct]. Eawag/[httpJournal of Environmental Management 119 (2013)://www.sandec.ch Sandec] and Waste Concern, Dhaka29-35.
* Jenkins, J. (19992005). [http://humanurehandbook.com/contents.html The Humanure Handbook-2nd Edition]. [http://wwwA Guide to Composting Human Manure (Book).jenkinspublishing3rd Ed.com Jenkins Publishing], Grove City, PA, USA. Theory, history, and do-it-yourself guide to composting toiletsUS.
* USEPA U.S. EPA (1999). [httphttps://waternepis.epa.gov/aboutowExe/owmZyNET.exe/upload200044ES.TXT?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1995+Thru+1999&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5Czyfiles%5CIndex%20Data%5C95thru99%5CTxt%5C00000015%5C200044ES.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/2005_07_14_comp.pdf i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1&SeekPage=x&ZyPURL Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet: . Composting Toilets- ]. EPA 832-F-99-066]. US U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Information related to microbial die off rates and risks, US.
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}