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[[Image:latrine.png|thumb|right|200px|A communal latrine. ]][[Image:latrine2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Photo: [http://www.bsf-south-sudanglobalhealthhub.org/siteswp-content/uploads/default2010/files11/SS+Tech+Guide5df249b7Toilet--Health+Institution+LatrinesDay.jpg globalhealthhub.pdf UNICEForg]]]This article covers the topic of communal latrines, also called institutional or school latrines. Much of the material in this article is based on project successes in the Sudan. This is a portion of the document of Technical Guidelines, outlining best practices for the development of the 14 types of water supply and sanitation facilities in the Sudan. Several of them are communal (multi-user) latrines.
===Design and construction===
====Volume of the pit====
[[Image:latrine hole.png|thumb|right|200px|A pit dug for a latrine should be lined if it is in unstable soil.]]
Pits can be rectangular or circular. The volume of the pit may be calculated from the equation:
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[[Image:communal latrine drawing.png|thumb|none|500px900px|A plan Two different styles (amongst several) for a multi-user latrine. Credit: [http://www.bsf-south-sudan.org/sites/default/files/SS+Tech+Guide--Health+Institution+Latrines.pdf UNICEF]]]
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===Superstructure===
'''ITP Latrine:''' The installation of a vent pipe outside of the superstructure is recommended to minimize the odour of foul gases from the pit. The vent pipe can be a PVC pipe of minimum diameter 100mm and should be dark in colour. The vent pipe should extend a minimum of 500mm – 1000 mm above the highest part of the roof, and the top should be covered with mesh wire.
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{| style="border: 1px solid #DB87C9; background-color: #EDEDED;"
|<font size="3">Read about more technical guidelines in the [http://washinschoolsmapping.com/wengine/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Sudan-KhartoumTechnGuidelinesRuralHealthLatrines.pdf full PDF document], including mobilizing stakeholders, latrine selection, and management of the latrines.</font>
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===Field experiences===
The following projects are building or using communal, institutional, or school latrines.
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|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]
|- style="vertical-align: bottom"
|[[Image:project 922.png |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/922/ RSR Project 922]<br>WaterAid Rural <br>WASH Project</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/922/ ]]
|[[Image:project 1374.png |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1374/ RSR Project 1374]<br>Integrated Community <br>Water and Hygiene</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1374/ ]]
|[[Image:project 195.png |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/195/ RSR Project 195]<br>Basic Sanitation <br>for Loja Province</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/195/ ]]
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===Links===
[https://www.unicef.org/cholera/Chapter_9_community/19_Interagency-Excreta_disposal_in_emergencies.pdf 5.7 Communal aqua-privies.] UNICEF.
===Acknowledgements===
* [https://www.medbox.org/preview/539164aa-e26c-443f-841b-5b821fcc7b89/doc.pdf Technical Guidelines For the Construction and Management of Rural Health Institution Latrines: A Manual for Field Staff and Practitioners]. UNICEF. April 2009.