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{{Language-box|english_link= Charcoal filter / Activated carbon | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | swahili_link=coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=木炭过滤器/活性炭 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }} [[Image:Ceramic_filter_icon.png|right|80px]][[Image:charcoal filter.jpg|thumb|right|250px200px|The Unicef upflow charcoal filter. <br>Photo: WHO.]][[Image:activated carbon filter.jpg|thumb|right|250px200px|Carbon Adsorption Diagram. Credit: [http://www.filtersfast.com/articles/Guide-to-Water-Purification.php filternfast.com]]]
'''Charcoal''' can be quite effective at removing some tastes, odours, and colour. Ordinary charcoal available locally could be used, but activated carbon is more effective. An example of such a filter is the UNICEF upflow sand filter. However, if the charcoal is not regularly renewed or if the filter is left unused for some time, there is evidence that it can become the breeding ground for harmful bacteria.
bacteria within the filter that can eventually be released into the treated water.
===Costs===
Charcoal filters have an annual estimated cost of US$10 to 100 for a family that uses 25 liters of water per day. Countries with local access to charcoal, or materials such as coconut husks from which charcoal media can be derived will face significantly lower costs that those that have to import the charcoal filters. Activated carbon filtration systems have an estimated average annual cost of over US$100 for a family that uses 25 liters a day. These systems use GAC filters that need to be replaced every 9 to 12 months. Pour-through GAC filtration units cost about US$10 and use replacement filters that cost about US$2 each and need to be replaced after 40 gallons of water. Labor and maintenance costs are limited to purchasing and replacing the filters. SBAC (larger) units begin at about US$330, but generally cost about US$2500. Replacement filters are needed about once a year. SBAC replacement filters cost about US$0.07 per gallon of water treated.
===Manuals, videos, and links===
* [http://bluenews-blueenergy.blogspot.com/2011/05/low-tech-coconut-shell-activated-carbon.html Low-Tech Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Filter.] Blue News, 5/17/2011.
* [http://janderson99.hubpages.com/hub/Best-Water-Purifiers-are-Cheap-Graphite-Coated-Sand-Grain-Filters Best Water Purifiers are Cheap Graphite Coated Sand Grain Filters.]
* [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/125889 Potential of activated carbon for manganese and iron removal]. Abuja, Nigeria, 2003.
===Acknowledgements===* [http://docs.watsan.net/Downloaded_Files/PDF/Kayaga-2005-Emergency.pdf Emergency treatment of drinking water at point-of-use] or ([httphttps://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygienepublications/envsan/tn05tech_note5/en/index.html alternative link]). WHO.
* [http://www.filtersfast.com/articles/Guide-to-Water-Purification.php A Simple Guide to Water Filtration.] Filtersfast.com
* Chan, Louis; Chan, Marcus; Wang, Jingwen. [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CFoQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mie.utoronto.ca%2Fundergrad%2Fthesis/undergrad/thesis-catalog%2Ffiles%2F12/files/12.pdf&ei=-KX7T-evCIqO2wWO05jABg&usg=AFQjCNH1KomG6m3ZKkzZqQkw2n_RkGJObA&sig2=tO15bbIUkrVPWY1spxHy4A Design of Water Filter for Third World Countries.] March 26th, 2009.* Misihairabgwia, Jane, Ntulia, Victor, et al. [http://www.googleresearchgate.comnet/publication/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CF8QFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbscw.ihe.nl%2Fpub%2Fnj_bscw.cgi%2Fd2607370%2FMisihairabgwi.pdf&ei=Sqz7T8TEE4aE2wWDqLzKCw&usg=AFQjCNEPy6ngbVmEshDEu2sG5NB5Ozgx_A&sig2=U-4xat4ouUcyYAL4xp17EA 264872660_Application_of_locally_produced_activated_carbons_in_water_treatment Application of locally produced activated carbons in water treatment.] Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe.* [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=12&ved=0CGoQFjABOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merid.org%2F/~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FProjects%2Fnano/media/Files/Projects/nano-waterworkshop%2Fwatertechpaper/watertechpaper-NoGraphics.ashx&ei=_a77T9H_O8Ks2gWO2JTcAg&usg=AFQjCNF0RVX9-qShiA_Qp4w97E52nEjRZA&sig2=Cudb5qU04weQtnu5kt1TuQ Overview and comparison of conventional water treatment technologies with nano-based treatment technologies.] Meridian Institute’s Global Dialogue on Nanotechnology and the Poor: Opportunities and Risks (GDNP).