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Charcoal filter / Activated carbon

25 bytes added, 19:44, 18 September 2012

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'''Activated carbon''' filters have a porous surface which traps microscopic particles and large organic molecules. The activated surface areas cling to (adsorb) smaller organic molecules. There are two basic types of activated carbon filters: granular and solid block. Granular activated carbon (GAC) is most commonly used in household drinking water filtration products. These are easy to install and inexpensive. They significantly reduce bad taste and odor caused by gases and chemicals like chlorine and its byproducts, while leaving behind natural minerals that are essential to good health. Depending on micron size, they may also remove some microorganisms. Solid block carbon filters have a solid honeycombed structure. These are usually whole-house filters, installed directly into the house water supply. They are more expensive than granular activated carbon filters but require less frequent installation, and they reduce more chemicals including pesticides.

'''Carbon sources'''<br>

Carbon can be obtained from a variety of sources such as coconut shell, wood or coal, and all of which are readily available practically everywhere in the world. The activation process is also quite simple and can be done with an industrial oven. Although carbon blocks have a higher contaminate removal ratio, granulated activated carbon are more commonly used in home filter systems. Activated carbon bits cannot be reused and need to be replaced after filtering about 150L of water. Activated carbon prepared from local agroforestry waste residues such as macadamia nut shells, baobab shells and marula fruit stones is effective in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Mostly, charcoal and activated carbon are good at removing contamination such as pesticides, industrial solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These filters generally do not remove dissolved solids, heavy metals (except the agroforestry-derived kind), lead, or coliforms, though they are able to remove arsenic, chromium, and mercury found in organic complexes.

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