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{{Language-box|english_link= Ceramic pot filter | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | swahili_link=coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=陶罐过滤器 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }} [[Image:Ceramic_filter_icon.png|right|80px]][[Image:CPF1.jpg|thumb|right|300px200px| Potters for Peace filter model.]][[Image:CPF2.png|thumb|right|300px| Cross section through a Ceramic Pot Filter.]]
A ceramic pot filter consists of a flowerpot-shaped pot, made from a porous ceramic material. Water poured into a ceramic pot filter percolates through the pot material, and is collected in a second container.
There are many variations of the ceramic filter: some are made entirely from ceramics such as the Potters for Peace filters, some have a ceramic pot hanging in a plastic container such as Filter Pure (Agua Pure). Frequently, a colloidal silver coating is added to the ceramic filter. Some ceramic pot filters also include activated charcoal in the clay mixture to improve odour, taste, and colour.
Locally produced ceramics have been used to filter water for hundreds of years. Today, 150,000 filters are used in Central America, Asia and Africa.
In Nicaragua, Guatemala and Cambodia the production of this filter is a commercial activity and production is starting up in six other countries.
===Suitable conditions ===
The ceramic pot filter is suitable to process 8 litres of water per batch. This produces a daily water supply of 20-30 litres.
{{procontable | proborder="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"|-! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages|-| valign="top" | - The filter is small and lightweight <br>
- Removes most pathogens and suspended solids<br>
- The silver coating ensures disinfection, so further disinfection is not needed. <br>
- Simple and cheap <br>
- Water tastes good <br>
| convalign= "top" | - Low flow rate (1-3 litres per hour)<br>
- Set up is fragile, breaks easily, allowing bad water through undetectable cracks. <br>
- Turid water plugs filter <br>
- Quality control difficult to ensure. <br>
- Dissolved compounds are not removed (same as other filters) <br>
|}}
{{Potential_Treatment_Capacity_table
}}
===Construction, operations and maintenance===[[Image:CPF2.png|thumb|right|200px| Cross section through a Ceramic Pot Filter.]]
Ceramic pot filters usually have a diameter of about 30 cm by 25 cm deep, with an 8 litre capacity. Two variations of ceramic filters, flat-bottom and round-bottom, are currently manufactured. The ceramic pot typically sits or hangs in the top of a larger plastic or ceramic container (20-30 litres), which is fitted with a tap at the bottom. A lid is placed on top of the filter to prevent contamination.
====Manufacturing====
[[Image:CPF3.jpg|thumb|right|300px200px| Hydraulic press used to make the filters.]][[Image:CPF4.jpg|thumb|right|300px200px| Small local filter factory.]]
Local production of the filters is common and preferable. A quality control process to ensure filter effectiveness is required. The lower container, lid and tap can usually be purchased locally.
{{Treatment_Efficiency
|lab:bacteria=>98-100 % <ref name=Lantagne>[[#Lantagne01|Lantagne]] (2001)</ref><ref name=Smith>[[#Smith04|Smith]] (2004)</ref>
|lab:viruses=19-99% <ref name=Lantagne/> <ref name=Halem>[[#Halem06|Van Halem]](2006)</ref><ref name=additives>Some additives to the clay may increase virus removal. </ref>
|lab:protozoa= Up to 100% <ref name=helminth/>
|lab:helminths=up to 100% <ref name=helminth> Not researched, however helminths and protazoa are too large to pass between the 0.6-3 μm pores. Therefore, up to 100% removal efficiency can be assumed.</ref>
|lab:turbidity=83-99% <ref name=Lantagne/><ref name=low>[[#Low02|Low]](2002)</ref>
|lab:iron=not available
|field:bacteria=88 - >95.1% <ref name=Smith/><ref name=Sobsey>[[#Brown and Sobsey06|Brown and Sobsey]](2006)</ref>
|field:viruses=not available
|field:protozoa=Up to 100% <ref name=helminth/>
Free press and kiln designs are available from Potters for Peace.
===Costs===
{{Treatment_Cost
|CapCost=US$ 10-25
Cost of introduction: US$ 15,000 - 30,000 for project incl. training, machinery and a first production of 500 filters. US$ 50,000 - 100,000 for project incl. production shop, training, first promotion, and 5,000 filters.
===Field experiences===<br>{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 20%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"<!--rsr logo here-->|- style="vertical-align: top"|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]<!--project blocks here-->|- style="vertical-align: bottom"|[[Image:rsr 351.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/351/ RSR Project 351]<br>Cost effective means of financing WASH</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/351/ ]] |} <br>
==Reference manuals=Manuals, videos, and links==* [http://s189535770.onlinehome.us/pottersforpeace/?page_id=125 Complete production manual is available from Potters for Peace]* [http://www.rdic.org/waterceramicfiltration.htm RDIC Ceramic Water Filter Factory Manual]
* Joe Brown and Mark Sobsey. [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/PDF/Brown%20and%20Sobsey%202006%20-%20UNICEF%20ceramic%20filter%20final%20report1.pdf Independent Appraisal of Ceramic Water Filtration Interventions in Cambodia]. UNC School of Public Health. May 2006.* Doris van Halem, [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/PDF/msc-thesis-vanhalem1.pdf Ceramic silver impregnated pot filters for household drinking water treatment in developing countries]. Delft University of Technology. Practica Foundation. November 2006.* Thesis Dirk Jaap Stuurman, Msc. [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/Background%20documents/ceramic%20water%20filters/FINAL_REPORT%20Job%20Stuurman.pdf The Influence of Social Marketing on Adoption of Social Innovations: A Dyadic Study on Ceramic Pot Filters]. Practica Foundation.* [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/Background%20documents/ceramic%20water%20filters/Marketing%20Ceramic%20Pot%20Filters%20HQ.pdf Marketing first: Getting ceramic pot filters to the target group]. Aqua For All and Practica Foundation. May 2010.* [http://rdic.org/ceramic-water-filters/ RDIC (Resource Development International, Cambodia)]. Ceramic water filter information.*[http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/publications_pages/options-ceramic.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]. Some ceramic filter options. *[httphttps://www.filterpurefiltersfilterpure.org com/ Filter Pure, Inc]. FilterPure has developed a program based upon strategies of affordable water filtration, sustainable enterprise, and local education. The program has been designed to be replicated worldwide.*[http://www.pottersforpeace.org Potters for Peace]. Providing access to safe water with locally produced ceramic water filters.*[http://www.ceramicatamakloe.com www.ceramicatamakloe.com net/ CeramicaTamakloe Limited]*[http://www.rdic.org/waterceramicfiltrationMaterials supplier.htm Resource Development International, Cambodia]
==Footnotes=References===
<references/>
===Acknowledgements===* Brown, J. and M. Sobsey (2006) [http://www.potterswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Brown_and_Sobsey_2006_-_UNICEF_ceramic_filter_final_report.pdf Independent Appraisal of Ceramic Water Filtration Interventions in Cambodia: Final Report], Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, USA.* Lantagne, D. (2001) [http://potterswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/alethia-report-2.pdf Investigation of the Potters for Peace Colloidal Silver Impregnated Ceramic Filter Report 2: Field Investigations]. Alethia Environmental for USAID, USA. Also, [http://docs.watsan.net/Downloaded_Files/PDF/Fahlin-2003-Hydraulic.pdf Report 1, 2003].* Low, J. (2002). [http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/LOW%202001%20Appropriate%20Microbial%20Indicator%20Tests%20for%20Drinking%20Water%20in%20Developing%20Countries%20and%20Assessment%20of%20Ceramic%20Water%20Filters.pdf Appropriate Microbial Indicator Tests for Drinking Water in Developing Countries and Assessment of Ceramic Water Filters’Filters], Master of Engineering thesis. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.* Napotnik, J., Mayer, A., Lantagne, D. and K. Jellison ([http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/NAPOTNIK%202009%20Efficacy%20of%20Silver-Treated%20Ceramic%20Filters%20for%20Household%20Water%20Treatment.pdf Efficacy of Silver-Treated Ceramic Filters for Household Water Treatment]. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, USA. Available at: www.filterpurefilters.org/files/pdf/silver.pdf
* Smith, L. (2004) Ceramic Water Filter Use in Takeo, Cambodia – Operational Issues and Health Promotion Recommendations. Submitted in partial fulfilment as a requirement for a Master of Science in Control of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England.
* Van Halem, D. (2006) [http://potterswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/finalcsfreport_29-10-2-van-dalem1.pdf Ceramic silver impregnated pot filters for household drinking water treatment in developing countries]. Masters of Science in Civil Engineering Thesis, Department of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.* Vinka, A. et al. (2007) [http://potterswithoutborders.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/oyanedel-craver-and-smith-est-2008.pdf Sustainable Colloidal-Silver-Impregnated Ceramic Filter for Point-of-Use Water Treatment], Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 42, No. 3, 927–933