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|style="width:50%;"|{{santable_new|sys1=[[(Semi-) Centralized Treatment Single Pit System |71]]|sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|6]]|sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Effluent Transport|7]]|sys4=[[Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System|8]]|sys5=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|9]]|
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sys9=|pic=Waste_stabilization_pondsanaerobic baffled reactor.png|ApplHousehold=XXX|
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Input1=Blackwater|Input2=Greywater |Input3= Brownwater | Input4= Effluent |Input5=|Output1= Faecal Sludge | Output2=Effluent | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|english_link=Semi_centralised_Anaerobic_Baffled_Reactor|french_link=Réacteur_anaérobie_à_chicanes_(semi-)_centralisés|spanish_link=Estanques_de_ Estabilizacion_de_Desperdicios
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The upflow chambers provide enhanced removal and digestion of organic matter. BOD may be reduced by up to 90%, which is far superior to its removal in a conventional Septic Tank. ===Design Considerations=== The majority of settleable solids are removed in a sedimentation chamber in front of the actual ABR. Small-scale, stand-alone units typically have an integrated settling compartment (as shown in S.10), but primary sedimentation can also take place in a separate [[Settler]] (T.1) or another preceding technology (e.g., existing [[Septic Tank|Septic Tanks]]). Designs without a settling compartment are of particular interest for (Semi-) Centralized Treatment plants that combine the ABR with another technology for primary settling, or where prefabricated, modular units are used. Typical inflows range from 2 to 200 m3 per day. Critical design parameters include a hydraulic retention time (HRT) between 48 to 72 hours, upflow velocity of the wastewater below 0.6 m/h and the number of upflow chambers (3 to 6). The connection between the chambers can be designed either with vertical pipes or baffles. Accessibility to all chambers (through access ports) is necessary for maintenance. Usually, the biogas produced in an ABR through anaerobic digestion is not collected because of its insufficient amount. The tank should be vented to allow for controlled release of odorous and potentially harmful gases. {{procontable | proborder="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="none"|-! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages|-| valign="top" |- Resistant to organic and hydraulic shock loads. <br> - No electrical energy is required. <br> - Greywater can be managed concurrently. <br> - Can be built and repaired with locally available materials. Low operating costs <br> - Long service life. <br> - No real problems with flies or odours if used correctly. High reduction of BOD <br> - High reduction of organics. Low sludge production; the sludge is stabilized <br> - Moderate capital costs, moderate operating costs depending on emptying; area requirement (can be low cost depending on number of users. built underground)| convalign="top" | - Requires constant source of water. <br> - Effluent require secondary treatment expert design and/or appropriate discharge. construction <br> - Low reduction of pathogens. and nutrients <br> - Requires expert design Effluent and construction. <br> - Pre-sludge require further treatment is required to prevent clogging.and/or appropriate discharge }|}
===Appropriateness=== This technology is easily adaptable andcan be applied at the household level , in small neighbourhoods or for even in bigger catchment areas. It is most appropriate where a small neighbourhoodrelatively constant amount of blackwater and greywater is generated. A (semi-) centralized ABR is appropriate when there isan already a pre-existing Conveyance technology, such as a[[Solids-free Simplified Sewer]](C. This technology is also appropriatefor areas where land may be limited since thetank is installed underground and requires a small area.It should not be installed where there is a high groundwatertable as infiltration will affect the treatment efficiencyand contaminate the groundwater4).
This technology can is suitable for areas where land may be efficiently designed for limited since the tank is most commonly installed underground and requires a small area. However, a dailyinflow of up vacuum truck should be able to 200,000L/day. The ABR will not operateat full capacity for several months after installationaccess the location because of the long start up time required for sludge must be regularly removed (particularly from theanaerobic digestion settler). ABRs can be installed in every type of climate, although the sludgeefficiency is lower in colder climates. Therefore, the ABRtechnology should They are not be used when the need for aefficient at removing nutrients and pathogens. The effluent usually requires further treatment system is immediate.
==Health Aspects/Acceptance=Operation & Maintenance=== An ABR requires a start-up period of several months to reach full treatment capacity since the slow growing anaerobic biomass first needs to be established in the reactor. To reduce startup time, the ABR can be inoculated with anaerobic bacteria, e.g., by adding fresh cow dung or Septic Tank sludge. The added stock of active bacteria can then multiply and adapt to the incoming wastewater. Because of the delicate ecology, care should be taken not to discharge harsh chemicals into the ABR.
==Maintenance=References===* Bachmann, A., Beard, V. L. and McCarty, P. L. (1985). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0043135485903306 Performance Characteristics of the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor] (academic access required). Water Research 19 (1): 99-106.
* BachmannStuckey, AD., Beard, VL. and McCarty, PLC. (19852010). Performance Characteristics of the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR) for Wastewater Treatment. In: Environmental Anaerobic Technology. Applications and New Developments, H. H. P. Water Research 19 Fang (1Ed.): 99–106, Imperial College Press, London, UK.
* FoxonUlrich, KMA.(Ed.), Reuter, et alS. (2004Ed.), Gutterer, B. (Ed.), Sasse, L., Panzerbieter, T. and Reckerzügel, T. The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR2009). [https: An appropriate technology for on//wedc-knowledge.lboro.ac.uk/resources/books/DEWATS_-site sanitation_Chapter_01.Water SA 30 pdf Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (5) (Special editionDEWATS)and Sanitation in Developing Countries. Available: wwwA Practical Guide].wrc.orgWEDC, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.za