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sys1=[[(Semi-) Centralized Treatment Single Pit System |71]]|sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|6]]|sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Effluent Transport|7]]|sys4=[[Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System|8]]|sys5=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion|9]]|
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sys9=|pic=Waste_stabilization_pondsanaerobic baffled reactor.png|ApplHousehold=XXX|
ApplNeighbourhood=XX|
ApplCity=|
ManHousehold=XXX|
ManShared=XX|
ManPublic=XX|
Input1=Blackwater|Input2=Greywater |Input3= Brownwater | Input4= Effluent |Input5=|Output1= Faecal Sludge | Output2=Effluent | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=|english_link=Semi_centralised_Anaerobic_Baffled_Reactor|french_link=Réacteur_anaérobie_à_chicanes_(semi-)_centralisés|spanish_link=Estanques_de_ Estabilizacion_de_Desperdicios
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'''An Anaerobic Baffled Reactor anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is an improved septic tank because of the [[Septic Tank]] (S.9) with a series of baffles over under which the incoming wastewater is forced to flow. The increased contact time with the active biomass (sludge) results in improved treatment.''' The upflow chambers provide enhanced removal and digestion of organic matter. BOD may be reduced by up to 90%, which is far superior to its removal in a conventional Septic Tank.
===Design Considerations=== The majority of settleable solids are removed in thea sedimentation chamber at the beginning in front of the actual ABR. Small-scale,which stand-alone units typically represents 50% of the total volumehave an integrated settling compartment (as shown in S.The up-flow chambers provide additional removal anddigestion of organic matter: BOD may be reduced byup to 90%10), which is far superior to that of but primary sedimentation can also take place in a conventionalseptic tankseparate [[Settler]] (T.1) or another preceding technology (e.g., existing [[Septic Tank|Septic Tanks]]). As sludge is accumulatingDesigns without a settling compartment are of particular interest for (Semi-) Centralized Treatment plants that combine the ABR with another technology for primary settling, or where prefabricated, desludgingis required every modular units are used. Typical inflows range from 2 to 3 years200 m3 per day. Critical design parametersinclude a hydraulic retention time (HRT)between 48 to 72 hours, up-flow upflow velocity of the wastewaterless than below 0.6m6 m/h and the number of up-flowupflow chambers (2 3 to 6). The connection between the chambers can be designed either with vertical pipes or baffles. Accessibility to 3all chambers (through access ports)is necessary for maintenance. Usually, the biogas produced in an ABR through anaerobic digestion is not collected because of its insufficient amount. The tank should be vented to allow for controlled release of odorous and potentially harmful gases.
! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
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| valign="top" |- Resistant to organic and hydraulic shock loads. <br>- No electrical energy is required. <br>- Greywater can be managed concurrently. <br>- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials. Low operating costs <br>- Long service life. <br>- No real problems with flies or odours if used correctly. High reduction of BOD <br>- High reduction of organics. Low sludge production; the sludge is stabilized <br>- Moderate capital costs, moderate operating costs depending on emptying; area requirement (can be low cost depending on number of users.built underground)| valign="top" | - Requires constant source of water. <br>- Effluent require secondary treatment expert design and/or appropriate discharge. construction <br>- Low reduction of pathogens. and nutrients <br>- Requires expert design Effluent and construction. <br>- Pre-sludge require further treatment is required to prevent clogging.and/or appropriate discharge
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===AdequacyAppropriateness===This technology is easily adaptable and can be applied at the household level, in small neighbourhoods or even in bigger catchment areas. It is most appropriate where a relatively constant amount of blackwater and greywater is generated. A (semi-) centralized ABR is appropriate when there is a pre-existing Conveyance technology, such as a [[Simplified Sewer]] (C.4).
This technology is easily adaptable andcan be applied at the household level or for a small neighbourhood. A (semi-) centralized ABR is appropriate when there isan already existing Conveyance technology, such as a[[Solids-free Sewer]]. This technology is also appropriatesuitable for areas where land may be limited since thetank is most commonly installed underground and requires a small area.It However, a vacuum truck should not be able to access the location because the sludge must be regularly removed (particularly from the settler). ABRs can be installed where there is a high groundwatertable as infiltration will affect in every type of climate, although the treatment efficiencyis lower in colder climates. They are not efficient at removing nutrients and contaminate the groundwaterpathogens. The effluent usually requires further treatment.
* BachmannFoxon, AK. M., Pillay, S., Lalbahadur, T., Rodda, N., BeardHolder, VLF. and McCartyBuckley, PLC. A. (19852004). Performance Characteristics of the [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228632608_The_anaerobic_baffled_reactor_ABR_An_appropriate_technology_for_on-site_sanitation The Anaerobic Baffled Reactor(ABR): An Appropriate Technology for on-Site Sanitation]. Water Research 19 SA 30 (15) (Special Edition): 99–106.
* FoxonStuckey, KMD., et alC. (20042010). The anaerobic baffled reactor Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)for Wastewater Treatment. In: An appropriate technology for on-site sanitationEnvironmental Anaerobic Technology. Applications and New Developments, H. Water SA 30 (5) (Special edition)H. Available: wwwP.wrcFang (Ed.org), Imperial College Press, London, UK.za
* Ulrich, A. (Ed.), Reuter, S. (Ed.), Gutterer, B. (Ed.), Sasse, L., Panzerbieter, T. and Reckerzügel, T. (19982009). DEWATS[https: //wedc-knowledge.lboro.ac.uk/resources/books/DEWATS_-_Chapter_01.pdf Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS) and Sanitation in Developing Countries. BORDAA Practical Guide]. WEDC, Bremen. Overseas Research and Development AssociationLoughborough University, BremenLeicestershire, GermanyUK. (Design summary including and Excel®-based design program.)
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}