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河床滲渠式集水廊道

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__NOTOC__ <small{{Language-title />box|english_link= Riverbed infiltration galleries | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | swahili_link=coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=河床滲渠式集水廊道 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}
[[Image:riverbed infiltration galleries icon.png|right|80px]]
[[Image:OmoRiver.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Omo River in Ethiopia, Africa. 非洲衣索比亞的奧莫河。 <br>Photo: 照片來源: [http://www.flickr.com/photos/neslab/6826784275/ Davide Comelli.]]]
水道將水從河床運送至河岸的集水井內,這些水道通常是平行插入河床的濾管(如:有著溝槽及鑿孔的水管)。只要沉積物不被沖刷至集水井內,水道與級配碎石也能構成滲渠式集水廊道。這些濾管直徑通常要比噴射井及插管井的還大。
關於治理乾旱的更多內容: [[易旱地區具有適應力的WASH系統Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas|易旱地區具有適應力的WASH系統。]]
===建造工程、營運及維護===
'''對於水泥的建議''': 錯誤地混合及使用水泥是造成建築物及內壁裂縫(例如:水庫、壩、水道、井)的常見原因。首先,混合水泥使用純淨的材料是很重要的,如乾淨的水及沙石。各項材料需充分混合。其次,混合的水量能少則少:混凝土或水泥只需能混合即可,寧可乾一點也不要變成液體。再者,在固化過程中,水泥或混凝土需一直保持濕潤至少一個星期。期間能以塑膠、大型的葉子或其他材料覆蓋,及時常灑水保持潮濕。
[[Image:InfiltrationGalleryDiagram.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Infiltration gallery. 集水滲渠。 <br> Drawing: 圖片: © Ken Chatterton. In: 出處: Hussey, S.W. (2007) Water from sand rivers: guidelines for abstraction. WEDC, Loughborough University, UK.]][[Image:InfiltrationGalleryBuild.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Building an infiltration gallery. Infiltration Area: 1080 ft2 (100建造一個集水滲渠。滲透面積:1080平方英呎(100.3 m2). Cost - 平方公尺)。花費-$9.33/foot2. Overseas supplier (AUS).平方英呎。海外供應(澳洲)。]]
====水位有多深?====
因以下樹木的主根皆需生長於水面之下,知道主根深度即可得知水位深度。依據經驗,一棵樹的主根深度大約是其樹長之四分之三。將樹投射在地上的影子與一根一百公分的棍子的影子做比較,即可測量出樹高。這兩種測量方法皆需在清晨陽光下或傍晚影子最長時進行。例:如果棍子的影子為八十公分長,比例則為:80/100=0.8。如果樹影為12公尺長,樹高即為:12公尺 x 5/4=15公尺高,主根及水位高度為:15公尺 x 3/4=11.25公尺深。
[[File:WaterTableDepthChart.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Vegetation that tells you how deep the water is beneath it. Click on chart to zoom in.由植被得知底下水的深度。點擊圖表放大。]]
====其他考量====
====取水====
* 可使用手泵及小型、高效率之電動泵將水從滲渠式集水廊道內抽取至集水井。集水井是個可作為防水空間的手挖井。它比滲渠式集水廊道還深,因此水能藉著重力流入集水井內,並確保足夠的貯水量。可使用[[Handpumps|手泵]]及[[Small and efficient motor pumps|小型、高效率之電動泵]]將水從滲渠式集水廊道內抽取至集水井。集水井是個可作為防水空間的手挖井。它比滲渠式集水廊道還深,因此水能藉著重力流入集水井內,並確保足夠的貯水量。
* 也可使用籃子及繩子取水,但水受到污染的風險會增加。在此情況下,應提倡家庭用水的處理。
===花費===
以下為河床滲渠式集水廊道系統的勞工、材料、以及運輸成本的參考例子。100肯亞先令=1以下是河床滲渠式集水廊道系統的勞工、材料、以及運輸成本的參考例子。100肯亞先令=1.20美元。<br>
找出更多設置河床及水滲渠系統的相關資訊, [http://www.waterforaridland.com/docs/dryriverbeds/Water%20from%20dry%20riverbeds.zip Water from Dry Riverbeds(乾燥河岸之水)乾燥河床之取水]第四章。 Waterforaridland.com.<br>[[File:InfiltrationPipeCosts.jpg|500px]]
===Manuals, videos, and links指南、影片及連結===* [http://www.watersanitationhygiene.org/References/EH_KEY_REFERENCES/WATER/Surface%20Water/Designing%20Intakes%20for%20Streams%20and%20Rivers%20%28USAID%29.pdf Designing Intakes for Rivers and Streams設計河流取水口]. Water for the World. - Lots of design diagrams and instructions on how to build a river intake system.多項建造河流取水系統之設計圖表及操作指南。
* [http://www.waterforaridland.com/Books/Book3%20water%20from%20dry%20riverbedspdf.pdf Water from Dry Riverbeds乾燥河床之取水]. Waterforaridland.com.
* [http://www.nwri-usa.org/pdfs/BowerSession8Presentationfinal.pdf Infiltration Gallery Testing for Integration into Dual Purpose Irrigation Systems: Managed Aquifer Recharge in Walla Walla Basin測試集水滲渠以整合雙重目的灌溉系統:沃拉沃拉盆地含水層補給管理。]. Robert Bower, 2011.
===Acknowledgements感謝===* CARE Nederland, Desk Study: [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas|Resilient WASH系統在易乾旱區域的適應強力]]. October 2010.
* Nissen-Petersen, Erik, [http://www.waterforaridland.com/Books/Book3%20water%20from%20dry%20riverbedspdf.pdf Water from Dry Riverbeds: How dry and sandy riverbeds can be turned into water sources by hand-dug wells, subsurface dams, weirs and sand dams乾燥河床的取水:乾燥多沙的河床如何利用手挖井、地表水壩、堰以及砂壩來變成水資源] or ([http://docs.watsan.net/Scanned_PDF_Files/Class_Code_2_Water/212.0-06WA-18985.pdf alternative link其他連結]) Danish International Development Assistance (Danida) 2006. Waterforaridland.com.
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