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更多关于治理干旱的信息，请查看: [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas |易干旱地区具有适应性的WASH系统]].
===Construction, operations and maintenance修建、运作和维护==='''General advice on cement关于水泥的建议''': 建筑和隔板（例如水箱、水坝、水道和水井）出现裂缝的常见原因是在混合和使用水泥时出错。首先，很重要的一点是使用的成分一定要纯：干净的水、沙子和岩石，这些成分必须充分混合。第二，混合时使用的水尽量少：混凝土或水泥成形即可，宁可干点，也不要成为液体。第三，在固化过程中混凝土或水泥需要有一定的水分，至少维持一周。同时，引水建筑物应该用塑料、大树叶或其他材料覆盖以保持水分。 A common cause of cracks in structures and linings (e.g. in tanks, dams, waterways, wells) is errors in mixing and applying the cement. First of all, it is important that only pure ingredients are used: clean water, clean sand, clean rocks. The materials have to be mixed very thoroughly. Secondly, the amount of water during mixing needs to minimal: the concrete or cement needs to be just workable, on the dry side even, and not fluid. Thirdly, it is essential that during curing the cement or concrete is kept moist at all times, for at least a week. Structures should be covered with plastic, large leaves or other materials during the curing period, and kept wet regularly.
'''Specific advice具体建议''':
[[Image:SubsurfaceDam.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Mechanics of a subsurface dam. Drawing地下水坝的示意图。图片来源: WHO.]]
* Build the crest of the underground dam at least 1 metre beneath the ground surface, so the land does not become water-logged.地下水坝的顶部至少低于地表1米，因此陆地才不会积水。* Subsurface dams should have wing walls, just like a 地下水坝应该有翼墙，就像[[sand dam|沙坝]] does, where you can pile up rocks so that erosion does not occur.，可在翼墙上堆积岩石防止侵蚀。* Water can be abstracted by a well a short distance upstream of the dam, or by a drain system which collects water from the upstream base of the dam and leads it to the downstream side to a well or gravity-pipe system. 水可由水坝上游不远处的水井抽取，或者由排水系统从水坝的上游底端收集水然后引至下游水井或重力自流管系统中。 * Where possible, a flushing valve is installed to facilitate cleaning of the subsurface reservoir.如果可以，可安装冲水阀来促进地下水坝的清洁。* To prevent seepage through the dam, plastic canvas can be used. Plastering mud and water on the downstream side of a trench is recommended to smooth the slope cut and to prevent sharp stones and roots from puncturing the fabric.可使用塑料干毯防止水坝漏水。建议在沟渠下游用泥巴和水将坡度抚平以防止尖锐的石头和根茎刺穿塑料干毯。
====Maintenance维护====* The well or gravity pipe should be regularly cleaned. 应定期清洗水井或重力自流管。 * After each large flood, any damage to the dam should be repaired and the dam protected with large stones if necessary. 每次严重的洪水之后，水坝的任何损坏都需要修复，而且如有必要，也需要用大石头保护水坝。 * For big repairs, such as when a dam has been undermined by infiltration, or damaged by a flood, many people and heavy machinery may be needed, and specialist technicians should be consulted.对于大规模的修复，例如水坝漏水或是遭到洪水破坏，则需要许多人力和重型机器，也需要咨询专业技术人员。* If the groundwater shows increased salinity during the dry season, a discharge pipe could be placed at the bottom of the dam, to allow annual drainage of dissolved salts.在旱季时地下水的盐度增加，可在水坝的底部安放一个补给管道，以便每年稀释盐分。
===Costs===