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冲击钻井

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→‎指南、视频与链接

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__NOTOC__ <small-title />冲击钻井是一种人工钻井技术，需将较重的开凿钻头或锤击钻头连接在绳子或缆绳上，降到凿洞中或临时的套管里。这一技术通常也指“绳索钻具”。一般会运用三脚架来支撑工具。通过上下拉动绳索，钻头将探孔内的土壤或固结岩击松，随后用泥浆泵将其抽出。就像使用冲击钻井是一种人工钻井技术，需将较重的开凿钻头或锤击钻头连接在绳子或缆绳上，降到凿洞中或临时的套管里。这一技术通常也称作“绳索钻具”。一般会运用三脚架来支撑工具。通过上下拉动绳索，钻头将井眼内的土壤或固结岩击松，随后用泥浆泵将其抽出。就像使用[[hand auger - general|手钻]]时那样，冲击钻井时可能会使用钢制或塑料的临时套管来防止凿洞塌陷。永久的井管滤网和套管安装完成后，临时套管必须移除。

===适宜条件===

人工冲击钻井通常适用于最深为25米的井。

钻井开始前，最好先分析水可能在何处。非洲泉源组织的网站（WellSpringAfrica钻井开始前，最好先分析水可能处于的位置。WellSpringAfrica.org）上提供了许多寻找水源时可用的线索。org（非洲泉源组织网站）上提供了许多寻找水源时可用的线索。[http://www.wellspringafrica.org/WebManual/chapter4.htm 请选择网站。]

! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 不足

|-

| valign="top" | - 与其它钻井方式不同， 冲击钻井可以去除卵石并击碎更硬的地质构造，快速有效地穿过大多数地质种类。 冲击钻井可以去除卵石并击碎更硬的地质构造，快速、有效地击穿大多数地质种类。 <br>

- 一般而言，冲击钻井能够应对大多数地质状况。<br>

- 能够钻井几百英尺（中国一座1923年手工挖掘的井深达4000余英尺）。 <br>

- 与挖井相比，冲击钻井能深入地下水位更深，甚至可以超过一个地下水位而达到另一个。 与挖井相比，冲击钻井能更深入地下水位，甚至可以超过一个地下水位而达到另一个。 <br>

| valign="top" | - 钻井设备可能很重， 相对而言也较昂贵。<br>

- 尤其当岩石较为坚硬时，这一钻井方法较慢（需要几周，而不仅是几天）。 <br>

- 在必须使用临时套管的情况下，花费在的装卸套管上的时间会大量增加钻井时间。在必须使用临时套管的情况下，花费在装卸套管上的时间会大量增加钻井时间。<br>

- 设备成本高昂，且方法较慢（导致每米的钻井成本高昂）。 <br>

|}

钻井设备在西方国家中进行商业化生产。当地产品亦可使用。冲击钻井是一种繁重的工作。可能需要适度使用小型发动机。

The percussion drill can be powered by hand, with several men pulling on a rope to lift and drop the bit, or it can harness the power of an engine. It can take the form of a few pieces that can be transported in the trunk of a car and carried into remote villages, or it can be mounted on the bed of a truck and driven to the drill site. The drill parts can be bought from the numerous world-wide companies that make drilling tools or they can be made from readily available scrap steel and local materials. 冲击钻井可手工提供动力，由若干人拉绳来升降钻头，或由发动机来提供动力。可以将钻井工具拆分成几部分，便于放入汽车后备箱载入偏远的村庄，或架在卡车车厢上开往钻井现场。钻具零件可从全球多家钻具公司购得，或可用已有的废钢和当地材料制得。冲击钻井可手工提供动力，由若干人拉绳来升降钻头，或由发动机来提供动力。可以将钻井工具拆分成几部分，便于放入汽车后备箱载去偏远的村庄，或架在卡车车厢上开往钻井现场。钻具零件可从全球多家钻具公司购得，或可用已有的废钢和当地材料制得。

====供应商====

===成本===

For cost comparisons between hand drilling and percussion drilling: 如果想比较手工挖掘井与冲击钻井的成本，请点击：[http://www.wellspringafrica.org/WebManual/costcomp.htm Wellspring Africa's Hand Powered Percussion Drill] illustrates costs for materials, tools, and labour.如果想比较人工挖掘井与冲击钻井的成本，请点击：[http://www.wellspringafrica.org/WebManual/costcomp.htm 非洲泉源组织手动冲击钻井Africa（非洲泉源组织）手动冲击钻井] 阐明了材料、工具和人力成本。

===实地经验===

===指南、视频与链接===

* Robert Vuik, Don de Koning and Arjen Koning与Arjen van der Wal. [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/EN/Percussion%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20EN.pdf Percussion: Manual Drilling Series冲击钻井：人工钻井系列. Technical Training Handbook on Affordable Manual Well Drilling平价人工钻井技术培训指南]. Practica FoundationFoundation（实践基金会）, June 20102010年6月. French version: 法语版：[http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Percussion%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20FR.pdf FORAGE À LA PERCUSSION: Série forage manuel].

* [http://www.surechem.com.my/products.php?cat=2010 Percussion Drilling冲击钻井]. Different kinds of drills and connectors不同种类的钻头和连接头.* [http://www.wellspringafrica.org/manual.asp Drilling Wells by Hand手工钻井], Cliff Missen, Wellspring Africa（非洲泉源组织）, draft 4 - Manual on Percussion drilling, well construction, manufacturing tools第四稿 — 冲击钻井、筑井与制造工具指南. [http://www.wellspringafrica.org/drildesc.htm Website of WellspringAfricaWellspringAfrica（非洲泉源组织）网站]

* KOEGEL, R. (1985) Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, FAO, Rome自助水井修建，FAO（联合国粮农组织）灌溉与排水论文，FAO，罗马.ISBN 92-5-100398-X [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm html versionhtml版].

* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling/171-manual-percussion-drilling Rural Water Supply Network article on Hand PercussionNetwork（农村给水组织）关于手工挖掘井的文章]

* CARTER, R. C. (2005) Human-Powered Drilling Technologies人力钻井技术. an overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow small diameter well construction, for domestic and agricultural water supply , Silsoe 家庭及农业供水用途下，人力钻取小口径浅井的技术概述，Silsoe College , Cranfield University , Bedfordshire, UK 英国. [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Download下载]

* Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps, Peter 用手动泵钻取井眼，Peter Wurzel, Skat, Switzerland瑞士, 2001 - A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development 这是一本关于水文地质学、修建水井、钻井技术与扩井工程的书 - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Download下载]. Website of [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]网站

* Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa, M西非低成本浅管井建设，M. Sonau, FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques - （联合国粮农组织）— 钻取浅管井技术概述 — [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm website网站]. Website of [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documentsFAO文档]网站.

* Technical note 技术说明 43. Simple drilling methods, Bob Elson and Rod 简易钻井方法，Bob Elson与Rod Shaw, WEDC - An overview of simple drilling methods — 简易钻井方法概述 [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf Download下载]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]网站. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS]网站.

* A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series, UNICEF, 1999 - Programming and implementation水利指南，技术指南系列， UNICEF（联合国儿童基金会），1999 — 规划与实施. [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf Download下载].

* Technology notes, section 7; Tube wells and boreholes, WaterAid - An overview of human-powered drilling technologies技术说明，第七部分；管井与井眼，WaterAid（水援助组织）— 人力钻井技术概述. [http://www.ewbwateraid.neu.eduorg/~/wikimedia/filesPublications/Technology_notes_07_web_1technology-notes-2011.pdf Download下载]. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org]网站.

* Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 世界之水，技术说明系列rws 2，USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques— 开发地下水方法的技术说明，钻井技术指南. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater InternationalInternational（生命之水国际组织）网站]. Under 'Cable 位于“Cable Tool Wells'Wells”标题下.

* Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations, field manual chapter 9, US Military Chapter 9, alternative well construction, manual drilling techniques 钻井操作多用途流程，现场手册第九章，美国军队第九章，其它筑井方法，人工钻井技术 - [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf Download下载].

*[[Solution_of_the_week_13|Akvo solution of the week 13Akvo第13周解决方案]]

===鸣谢===

* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the 本页基本素材是从即将发表在网上的一项初步研究中取得的：[http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica FoundationFoundation（实践基金会）], and from the 也源于[http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply NetworkNetwork（农村给水组织）]网站, and specifically its 尤其是其中的 [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section人工钻井部分].* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods简易钻井方法.] WEDC.

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