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Suitable conditions
The aquifer to be recharged needs to be at or near the surface. The base of the pond needs to be permeable. The typical amount of water going into the ground is 30 m/year for fine texture soils (e.g. sandy loams), 100 m/year for loamy soils and 300 m/year for coarse clean sands. A field method to determine seepage rates in the bottom of reservoirs has been developed which can be used to assist in design. Ideally infiltration rates should exceed evaporation rates.
Pond Ponds are generally 1-4 m deep, deep enough to prevent excessive algae or water plant growth, and shallow enough to prevent anaerobic conditions developing at the bottom. But pond size should be decided according to catchment area and number of fillings possible per year. In order to efficiently capture runoff in a catchment, similar design techniques to contour trenches could be employed for infiltration ponds.
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