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The Approaches portal contains information on product development, service delivery, finance, promotion, and support systems. This is a very complex and rich field, and at this moment Akvopedia has only a limited number of articles in this Portal, although the number is growing. We need your help! We are now working on a [[Toolbox toolbox for local governments]].
To give some indication as to the status, there are three types of icons. Subjects which have a picture icon are well under way. Subjects with an 'under development' icon are rudimentary, but some content is there. Subjects with an 'Empty' logo are still completely empty, apart from the article template.
{| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
!style="background:#efefef;"| Product / service development
! Service delivery approaches
!style="background:#efefef;"| Financing
! Promotion / Demand stimulation
!style="background:#efefef;"| Support systems / Enabling environment
|- valign="top"
|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" | <!-- Content Column 1 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_product_development.png|alt=Appropriate Technology checklist|width=94|link=Appropriate Technology checklist}} <br>[[Appropriate Technology checklist]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_product_development.png|alt=Business development toolkit|width=94|link=Business development toolkit}} <br> [[Business development toolkit]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Product development|width=94|link=Product development}} <br>[[Product development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Technology Demonstration Centers|width=94|link=Technology Demonstration Centers}} <br>[[Technology Demonstration Centers]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Design for the other 90 procent|width=94|link=Design for the other 90 procent}} <br>[[Design for the other 90 procent]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=How to reduce product costs|width=94|link=How to reduce product costs}} <br>[[How to reduce product costs]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Aprotec|width=94|link=Aprotec}} <br>[[Aprotec]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 1 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" |<!-- Content Column 2 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Self-service and self improvement|width=94|link=Self-service and self improvement}}<br> [[Self-service and self improvement]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Community controlled water provider|width=94|link=Community controlled water provider}}<br> [[Community controlled water provider]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Small private water provider|width=94|link=Small private water provider}}<br> [[Small private water provider]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Franchised water treatment and sales|width=94|link=Franchised water treatment and sales}}<br> [[Franchised water treatment and sales]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Micro enterprises|width=94|link=Micro enterprises}}<br> [[Micro enterprises]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Social businesses|width=94|link=Social businesses}}<br> [[Social businesses]]
|}
{|style="height:140px;
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Supply chain development|width=94|link=Supply chain development}} <br> [[Supply chain development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Private utility water supply|width=94|link=Private utility water supply}}<br> [[Private utility water supply]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Subcontracting by utilities and municipal companies|width=94|link=Subcontracting by utilities and municipal companies}}<br> [[Subcontracting by utilities and municipal companies]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Municipal water supply|width=94|link=Municipal water supply}}<br> [[Municipal water supply]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Regional schemes - regional companies|width=94|link=Regional schemes - regional companies}}<br> [[Regional schemes - regional companies]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Municipal water supply|width=94|link=Municipal water supply}}<br> [[Municipal water supply]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Central government managed systems|width=94|link=Central government managed systems}}<br> [[Central government managed systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Decentralized government managed|width=94|link=Decentralized government managed}}<br> [[Decentralized government managed]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=NGO and Donor supported projects|width=94|link=NGO and Donor supported projects}}<br> [[NGO and Donor supported projects]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Programs of line departments of Ministries|width=94|link=Programs of line departments of Ministries}}<br> [[Programs of line departments of Ministries]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=School sanitation|width=94|link=School sanitation}}<br> [[School sanitation]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 2 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"|<!-- Content Column 3 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_coins.png|alt=Fundraising|width=94|link=Fundraising}} <br> [[Fundraising]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Self-financing|width=94|link=Self-financing}} <br> [[Self-financing]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Full capital investment by donor funds or government|width=94|link=Full capital investment by donor funds or government}} <br> [[Full capital investment by donor funds or government]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Cost sharing for capital investment|width=94|link=Cost sharing for capital investment}} <br> [[Cost sharing for capital investment]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Cost recovery for operation and maintenance|width=94|link=Cost recovery for operation and maintenance}} <br> [[Cost recovery for operation and maintenance]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Pay and use toilet - public bath houses|width=94|link=Pay and use toilet - public bath houses}} <br> [[Pay and use toilet - public bath houses]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Loans - credit - guarantees|width=94|link=Loans - credit - guarantees}} <br> [[Loans - credit - guarantees]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_coins.png|alt=Grants|width=94|link=Grants}} <br> [[Grants]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Microfinance|width=94|link=Microfinance}} <br> [[Microfinance]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT)|width=94|link=Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT)}} <br> [[Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT)]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Revolving funds|width=94|link=Revolving funds}} <br> [[Revolving funds]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Social development funds|width=94|link=Social development funds}} <br> [[Social development funds]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Cross subsidies - Differential tariff systems|width=94|link=Cross subsidies - Differential tariff systems}} <br> [[Cross subsidies - Differential tariff systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Voucher systems|width=94|link=Voucher systems}} <br> [[Voucher systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Value chain development|width=94|link=Value chain development}} <br> [[Value chain development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Output based aid|width=94|link=Output based aid}} <br> [[Output based aid]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Revenue financed expansion|width=94|link=Revenue financed expansion}} <br> [[Revenue financed expansion]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Improving financial efficiency|width=94|link=Improving financial efficiency}} <br> [[Improving financial efficiency]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Internet-based donation systems|width=94|link=Internet-based donation systems}} <br> [[Internet-based donation systems]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 3 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Hygiene and Health focused promotion|width=94|link=Hygiene and Health focused promotion}}<br> [[Hygiene and Health focused promotion]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Multiple use promotion for water|width=94|link=Multiple use promotion for water}}<br> [[Multiple use promotion for water]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Participatory approaches|width=94|link=Participatory approaches}}<br> [[Participatory approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Community-Led Total Sanitation|width=94|link=Community-Led Total Sanitation}}<br> [[Community-Led Total Sanitation]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Promoting re-use of sanitation products|width=94|link=Promoting re-use of sanitation products}}<br> [[Promoting re-use of sanitation products]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Social Marketing|width=94|link=Social Marketing}}<br> [[Social Marketing]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Using the media|width=94|link=Using the media}}<br> [[Using the media]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Market development|width=94|link=Market development}}<br> [[Market development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Traditional Marketing|width=94|link=Traditional Marketing}}<br> [[Traditional Marketing]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Smart Tech Centers|width=94|link=Smart Tech Centers}} <br>[[Smart Tech Centers]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Demonstration projects|width=94|link=Demonstration projects}}<br> [[Demonstration projects]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Demand responsive approach|width=94|link=Demand responsive approach}}<br> [[Demand responsive approach]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Gender sensitive approach|width=94|link=Gender sensitive approach}}<br> [[Gender sensitive approach]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 4 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 5 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Community approaches|width=94|link=Community approaches}} <br> [[Community approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Legislation and control|width=94|link=Legislation and control}} <br> [[Legislation and control]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Water - Sanitation and Health Advocacy|width=94|link=Water - Sanitation and Health Advocacy}} <br> [[Water - Sanitation and Health Advocacy]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Market creation approaches|width=94|link=Market creation approaches}} <br> [[Market creation approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Public-Private Partnerships approaches|width=94|link=Public-Private Partnerships}} <br> [[Public-Private Partnership approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Association of service providers|width=94|link=Association of service providers}} <br> [[Association of service providers]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Supply chain organization|width=94|link=Supply chain organization}} <br> [[Supply chain organization]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Institutional support systems|width=94|link=Institutional support systems}} <br> [[Institutional support systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Knowledge and information support systems|width=94|link=Knowledge and information support systems}} <br> [[Knowledge and information support systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Franchising|width=94|link=Franchising}} <br> [[Franchising]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Institutional and organizational reform|width=94|link=Institutional and organizational reform}} <br> [[Institutional and organizational reform]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Learning alliances|width=94|link=Learning alliances}} <br> [[Learning alliances]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Capacity development|width=94|link=Capacity development}} <br> [[Capacity development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Networking for capacity development|width=94|link=Networking for capacity development}} <br> [[Networking for capacity development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Joint learning projects|width=94|link=Joint learning projects}} <br> [[Joint learning projects]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Fighting corruption|width=94|link=Fighting corruption}} <br> [[Fighting corruption]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 5 ends here -->
|}
== Acknowledgements ==
* The categories in this portal, as well as most of the subjects, are adapted from the “Landscaping of Approaches to Support Service Provision of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene” (2006) prepared by Cranfield University, AguaConsult and the [[IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre]]. <ref>
{{Cite
| author = Fisscher & Da Silva Wells
| last = Fisscher
| coauthors = Da Silva Wells
| title = Landscaping and Review of Approaches to support service provision for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
| accessdate = 2008-07-09
| date = 2006
| url = http://www.irc.nl/page/35949
| publisher = IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
}}
</ref>
* An extra column "Product / Service development" was added, to reflect the importance of starting with the definition of the intended product / service.
==References==
<references />
The Approaches portal contains information on product development, service delivery, finance, promotion, and support systems. This is a very complex and rich field, and at this moment Akvopedia has only a limited number of articles in this Portal, although the number is growing. We need your help! We are now working on a [[Toolbox toolbox for local governments]].
To give some indication as to the status, there are three types of icons. Subjects which have a picture icon are well under way. Subjects with an 'under development' icon are rudimentary, but some content is there. Subjects with an 'Empty' logo are still completely empty, apart from the article template.
{| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
!style="background:#efefef;"| Product / service development
! Service delivery approaches
!style="background:#efefef;"| Financing
! Promotion / Demand stimulation
!style="background:#efefef;"| Support systems / Enabling environment
|- valign="top"
|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" | <!-- Content Column 1 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_product_development.png|alt=Appropriate Technology checklist|width=94|link=Appropriate Technology checklist}} <br>[[Appropriate Technology checklist]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_product_development.png|alt=Business development toolkit|width=94|link=Business development toolkit}} <br> [[Business development toolkit]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Product development|width=94|link=Product development}} <br>[[Product development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Technology Demonstration Centers|width=94|link=Technology Demonstration Centers}} <br>[[Technology Demonstration Centers]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Design for the other 90 procent|width=94|link=Design for the other 90 procent}} <br>[[Design for the other 90 procent]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=How to reduce product costs|width=94|link=How to reduce product costs}} <br>[[How to reduce product costs]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Aprotec|width=94|link=Aprotec}} <br>[[Aprotec]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 1 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" |<!-- Content Column 2 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Self-service and self improvement|width=94|link=Self-service and self improvement}}<br> [[Self-service and self improvement]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Community controlled water provider|width=94|link=Community controlled water provider}}<br> [[Community controlled water provider]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Small private water provider|width=94|link=Small private water provider}}<br> [[Small private water provider]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Franchised water treatment and sales|width=94|link=Franchised water treatment and sales}}<br> [[Franchised water treatment and sales]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Micro enterprises|width=94|link=Micro enterprises}}<br> [[Micro enterprises]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Social businesses|width=94|link=Social businesses}}<br> [[Social businesses]]
|}
{|style="height:140px;
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Supply chain development|width=94|link=Supply chain development}} <br> [[Supply chain development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Private utility water supply|width=94|link=Private utility water supply}}<br> [[Private utility water supply]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Subcontracting by utilities and municipal companies|width=94|link=Subcontracting by utilities and municipal companies}}<br> [[Subcontracting by utilities and municipal companies]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Municipal water supply|width=94|link=Municipal water supply}}<br> [[Municipal water supply]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Regional schemes - regional companies|width=94|link=Regional schemes - regional companies}}<br> [[Regional schemes - regional companies]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Municipal water supply|width=94|link=Municipal water supply}}<br> [[Municipal water supply]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Central government managed systems|width=94|link=Central government managed systems}}<br> [[Central government managed systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Decentralized government managed|width=94|link=Decentralized government managed}}<br> [[Decentralized government managed]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=NGO and Donor supported projects|width=94|link=NGO and Donor supported projects}}<br> [[NGO and Donor supported projects]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Programs of line departments of Ministries|width=94|link=Programs of line departments of Ministries}}<br> [[Programs of line departments of Ministries]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=School sanitation|width=94|link=School sanitation}}<br> [[School sanitation]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 2 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"|<!-- Content Column 3 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_coins.png|alt=Fundraising|width=94|link=Fundraising}} <br> [[Fundraising]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Self-financing|width=94|link=Self-financing}} <br> [[Self-financing]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Full capital investment by donor funds or government|width=94|link=Full capital investment by donor funds or government}} <br> [[Full capital investment by donor funds or government]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Cost sharing for capital investment|width=94|link=Cost sharing for capital investment}} <br> [[Cost sharing for capital investment]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Cost recovery for operation and maintenance|width=94|link=Cost recovery for operation and maintenance}} <br> [[Cost recovery for operation and maintenance]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Pay and use toilet - public bath houses|width=94|link=Pay and use toilet - public bath houses}} <br> [[Pay and use toilet - public bath houses]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Loans - credit - guarantees|width=94|link=Loans - credit - guarantees}} <br> [[Loans - credit - guarantees]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_coins.png|alt=Grants|width=94|link=Grants}} <br> [[Grants]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Microfinance|width=94|link=Microfinance}} <br> [[Microfinance]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT)|width=94|link=Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT)}} <br> [[Build Own Operate and Transfer (BOOT)]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Revolving funds|width=94|link=Revolving funds}} <br> [[Revolving funds]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Social development funds|width=94|link=Social development funds}} <br> [[Social development funds]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Cross subsidies - Differential tariff systems|width=94|link=Cross subsidies - Differential tariff systems}} <br> [[Cross subsidies - Differential tariff systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Voucher systems|width=94|link=Voucher systems}} <br> [[Voucher systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Value chain development|width=94|link=Value chain development}} <br> [[Value chain development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Output based aid|width=94|link=Output based aid}} <br> [[Output based aid]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Revenue financed expansion|width=94|link=Revenue financed expansion}} <br> [[Revenue financed expansion]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Improving financial efficiency|width=94|link=Improving financial efficiency}} <br> [[Improving financial efficiency]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Internet-based donation systems|width=94|link=Internet-based donation systems}} <br> [[Internet-based donation systems]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 3 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Hygiene and Health focused promotion|width=94|link=Hygiene and Health focused promotion}}<br> [[Hygiene and Health focused promotion]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Multiple use promotion for water|width=94|link=Multiple use promotion for water}}<br> [[Multiple use promotion for water]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Participatory approaches|width=94|link=Participatory approaches}}<br> [[Participatory approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Community-Led Total Sanitation|width=94|link=Community-Led Total Sanitation}}<br> [[Community-Led Total Sanitation]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_promotion.png|alt=Promoting re-use of sanitation products|width=94|link=Promoting re-use of sanitation products}}<br> [[Promoting re-use of sanitation products]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Social Marketing|width=94|link=Social Marketing}}<br> [[Social Marketing]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Using the media|width=94|link=Using the media}}<br> [[Using the media]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Market development|width=94|link=Market development}}<br> [[Market development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Traditional Marketing|width=94|link=Traditional Marketing}}<br> [[Traditional Marketing]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Smart Tech Centers|width=94|link=Smart Tech Centers}} <br>[[Smart Tech Centers]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Demonstration projects|width=94|link=Demonstration projects}}<br> [[Demonstration projects]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Demand responsive approach|width=94|link=Demand responsive approach}}<br> [[Demand responsive approach]]
|}
{|style="height:140px"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Gender sensitive approach|width=94|link=Gender sensitive approach}}<br> [[Gender sensitive approach]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 4 ends here -->
|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 5 starts here -->
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Community approaches|width=94|link=Community approaches}} <br> [[Community approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Legislation and control|width=94|link=Legislation and control}} <br> [[Legislation and control]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Water - Sanitation and Health Advocacy|width=94|link=Water - Sanitation and Health Advocacy}} <br> [[Water - Sanitation and Health Advocacy]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Market creation approaches|width=94|link=Market creation approaches}} <br> [[Market creation approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Public-Private Partnerships approaches|width=94|link=Public-Private Partnerships}} <br> [[Public-Private Partnership approaches]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Association of service providers|width=94|link=Association of service providers}} <br> [[Association of service providers]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Supply chain organization|width=94|link=Supply chain organization}} <br> [[Supply chain organization]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Institutional support systems|width=94|link=Institutional support systems}} <br> [[Institutional support systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Knowledge and information support systems|width=94|link=Knowledge and information support systems}} <br> [[Knowledge and information support systems]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Franchising|width=94|link=Franchising}} <br> [[Franchising]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Institutional and organizational reform|width=94|link=Institutional and organizational reform}} <br> [[Institutional and organizational reform]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Learning alliances|width=94|link=Learning alliances}} <br> [[Learning alliances]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Capacity development|width=94|link=Capacity development}} <br> [[Capacity development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Networking for capacity development|width=94|link=Networking for capacity development}} <br> [[Networking for capacity development]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Joint learning projects|width=94|link=Joint learning projects}} <br> [[Joint learning projects]]
|}
{|style="height:140px; background:#efefef"
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_under_development.png|alt=Fighting corruption|width=94|link=Fighting corruption}} <br> [[Fighting corruption]]
|}
<!-- Content Column 5 ends here -->
|}
== Acknowledgements ==
* The categories in this portal, as well as most of the subjects, are adapted from the “Landscaping of Approaches to Support Service Provision of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene” (2006) prepared by Cranfield University, AguaConsult and the [[IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre]]. <ref>
{{Cite
| author = Fisscher & Da Silva Wells
| last = Fisscher
| coauthors = Da Silva Wells
| title = Landscaping and Review of Approaches to support service provision for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
| accessdate = 2008-07-09
| date = 2006
| url = http://www.irc.nl/page/35949
| publisher = IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
}}
</ref>
* An extra column "Product / Service development" was added, to reflect the importance of starting with the definition of the intended product / service.
==References==
<references />