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Created page with "link=http://www.snv.org/ link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm Downlo..."
[[Image:SNV logo.png|right|100px|link=http://www.snv.org/]]
[[Image:wageningen small.png|right|100px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]
Download: [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-3-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 3: Plantation Maintenance]
<br>
<br>
<br>
<font color="#72CDFF>Table 2: Common noxious weeds</font>
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
! width="15%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | Scientific name
! width="15%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | Common name
! width="35%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center"| Properties
! width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center"| Found in
! width="15%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center"| Control
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Woody weeds and shrubs:'''
|-
|''Melastoma malabathricum''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-melastoma.png|none|120px|]]
|Straights rhododendron
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, unpalatable for animals, dominant on P-deficient soils
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Clidemia hirta''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-clidemia.png|none|120px|]]
|Soapbush
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, dominant on poor soils
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Mimosa pudica''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-mimosa.png|none|120px|]]
|Mimosa
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, unpalatable, thorny
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Lantana camara''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-lantana.png|none|120px|]]
|Sage
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, toxic to livestock
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Chromolaena odorata''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-chromolaena.png|none|120px|]]
|Siam weed
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, toxic to livestock, allelopathic
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Ferns:'''
|-
|''Dicranopteris linearis''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-dicranopteris.png|none|120px|]]
|
|Climbing fern, shade-intolerant, unpalatable
|Immature and young plantations
|
|-
|''Stenochlaena palustris''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-stenochlaena.png|none|120px|]]
|Midin / kalakai
|Climbing fern, thorny, unpalatable
|
|Glyphosate application
|-
|''Nephrolepis spp.''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-nephrolepis.jpg|none|120px|]]
|
|Slow-growing shade-tolerant fern
|Soft weed
|Slashing at knee height
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Herbs and creeping vines:'''
|-
|''Mikania spp.''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-mikania.png|none|120px|]]
|Bitter vine
|Fast-growing shade-intolerant perennial creeping herb; allelopathic; dominant on poorly drained and nutrient deficient soils; very palatable
|Noxious in stands < 5 years after planting. Beneficial as livestock feed.
|Grazing; mowing; uprooting; glyphosate application
|-
|''Asystasia gangetica''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-asystasia.png|none|120px|]]
|Chinese violet
|Shade-tolerant perennial herbaceous mat-forming creeper; stems up to 1 m tall; growing very vigorously with high nutrient demand; edible; very palatable and rich in crude protein
|
|Noxious if too dominant. Beneficial as livestock feed.
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Grasses:'''
|-
|''Imperata cylindrica''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-imperata.png|none|120px|]]
|Speargrass, alang-alang
|Medium shade-tolerant grass with sharp edges to blades; dominant on poor and acid soils; young shoots palatable
|Noxious during establishment and immature phase; unwanted in mature stands
|Spraying or wiping with glyphosate
|-
|''Ischaemum muticum''; <br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-ischaemum.jpg|none|120px]]
''Paspalum conjugatum''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-paspalum.jpg|none|120px]]
|
|Shade-tolerant perennial creeping grasses with shoots of maximum 60 cm height; competitive with oil palm; palatable; used as forage species
|Soft grasses
|Grazing, slashing at knee height
|}
===Acknowledgements===
The material from ''Identifying noxious weeds'' is sourced from Smallholder Oil Palm Handbook and put together by Lotte Suzanne Woittiez ([http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm Wageningen Universit]) and Haryono Sadikin, Sri Turhina, Hidayat Dani, Tri Purba Dukan, and Hans Smit ([http://www.snv.org/ SNV]) in August 2016. See [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-3-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 3: Plantation Maintenance] for more information.
[[Image:SNV logo.png|left|80px|link=http://www.snv.org/]]
[[Image:wageningen university logo.png|left|350px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]
[[Image:wageningen small.png|right|100px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]
Download: [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-3-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 3: Plantation Maintenance]
<br>
<br>
<br>
<font color="#72CDFF>Table 2: Common noxious weeds</font>
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
! width="15%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | Scientific name
! width="15%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | Common name
! width="35%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center"| Properties
! width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center"| Found in
! width="15%" style="background:#efefef;" align="center"| Control
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Woody weeds and shrubs:'''
|-
|''Melastoma malabathricum''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-melastoma.png|none|120px|]]
|Straights rhododendron
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, unpalatable for animals, dominant on P-deficient soils
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Clidemia hirta''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-clidemia.png|none|120px|]]
|Soapbush
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, dominant on poor soils
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Mimosa pudica''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-mimosa.png|none|120px|]]
|Mimosa
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, unpalatable, thorny
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Lantana camara''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-lantana.png|none|120px|]]
|Sage
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, toxic to livestock
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|''Chromolaena odorata''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-chromolaena.png|none|120px|]]
|Siam weed
|Fast-growing flowering shrub, toxic to livestock, allelopathic
|All plantations
|Uprooting / triclopyr
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Ferns:'''
|-
|''Dicranopteris linearis''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-dicranopteris.png|none|120px|]]
|
|Climbing fern, shade-intolerant, unpalatable
|Immature and young plantations
|
|-
|''Stenochlaena palustris''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-stenochlaena.png|none|120px|]]
|Midin / kalakai
|Climbing fern, thorny, unpalatable
|
|Glyphosate application
|-
|''Nephrolepis spp.''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-nephrolepis.jpg|none|120px|]]
|
|Slow-growing shade-tolerant fern
|Soft weed
|Slashing at knee height
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Herbs and creeping vines:'''
|-
|''Mikania spp.''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-mikania.png|none|120px|]]
|Bitter vine
|Fast-growing shade-intolerant perennial creeping herb; allelopathic; dominant on poorly drained and nutrient deficient soils; very palatable
|Noxious in stands < 5 years after planting. Beneficial as livestock feed.
|Grazing; mowing; uprooting; glyphosate application
|-
|''Asystasia gangetica''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-asystasia.png|none|120px|]]
|Chinese violet
|Shade-tolerant perennial herbaceous mat-forming creeper; stems up to 1 m tall; growing very vigorously with high nutrient demand; edible; very palatable and rich in crude protein
|
|Noxious if too dominant. Beneficial as livestock feed.
|-
|colspan="5"|'''Grasses:'''
|-
|''Imperata cylindrica''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-imperata.png|none|120px|]]
|Speargrass, alang-alang
|Medium shade-tolerant grass with sharp edges to blades; dominant on poor and acid soils; young shoots palatable
|Noxious during establishment and immature phase; unwanted in mature stands
|Spraying or wiping with glyphosate
|-
|''Ischaemum muticum''; <br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-ischaemum.jpg|none|120px]]
''Paspalum conjugatum''<br>
[[Image:oil-palm-3.3-paspalum.jpg|none|120px]]
|
|Shade-tolerant perennial creeping grasses with shoots of maximum 60 cm height; competitive with oil palm; palatable; used as forage species
|Soft grasses
|Grazing, slashing at knee height
|}
===Acknowledgements===
The material from ''Identifying noxious weeds'' is sourced from Smallholder Oil Palm Handbook and put together by Lotte Suzanne Woittiez ([http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm Wageningen Universit]) and Haryono Sadikin, Sri Turhina, Hidayat Dani, Tri Purba Dukan, and Hans Smit ([http://www.snv.org/ SNV]) in August 2016. See [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-3-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 3: Plantation Maintenance] for more information.
[[Image:SNV logo.png|left|80px|link=http://www.snv.org/]]
[[Image:wageningen university logo.png|left|350px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]