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Underground tank

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{{stub}}__NOTOC__[[Image:Underground_tank_icon.png|right]][[Image:Underground_tank.PNG|thumb|right|150px|Underground storage of rainwater in Bolivia ]]Where access to groundwater is limited, [[Rainwater harvesting|rainwater harvesting]] in underground tanks can be an effective and low-cost alternative. Water stored in the wet season can be used in the dry season and lifted from the tank with a [[rope pump]] or with a [[Deep well pump|deep well pump]], which can elevate water up to 30 m.

[[Image:Underground_tank_iconThese tanks can be constructed of concrete blocks. The tanks are partly (1.5 m) build below the soil surface. These tanks can store up to 20 000 liters of water, used for domestic use, cultivation.png|right]]

Where access to groundwater is limited==History and social context==The Brazilian government, [[with support from organisations such as UNICEF and IRCSA (International Rainwater harvesting|Catchment Systems Association) started a programme to construct one million rainwater harvesting]] in underground tanks can be an effective and low-cost alternative. Water stored in the wet season can be used in the dry season and lifted from the tank with a [[rope pump]] or with a [[Deep well pump|deep well pump]], which can elevate water up to 30 mBrazil.

With regard to the concrete block tanks, 40 community water tanks (supporting a few families each) were implemented successfully. Following this success, another 80 concrete block tanks will be build at household level.

[[Image:Underground_tankPractica foundation is testing various options for low-cost storage and groundwater recharge like the "Reed cement tank" and the "Tube recharge".PNG|thumb|right|150px|Underground storage of rainwater in Bolivia ]]

These tanks can ==Suitable conditions ==The area should be constructed suitable for [[rainwater harvesting]]. Depending on the design the capacity of concrete blocks. The tanks are partly (1.5 m) build below the soil surface. These tanks can store up tank varies from 3 500 to 20 000 liters of water, used for domestic use, cultivation.

{{procontable | pro=

- XXX <br>Low cost alternative to metal or ferro- XXX cement tanks.<br>

| con=

- XXX<br>

- XXX<br>

}}

== Capacity Technical specification==

Depending on ====Operation====Basic water quality testing is recommended during the designfirst year, varying from 3 500 with further testing when water quality is in doubt. Eg. the 'HACH' pillo test, costing about US$ 1 per test. Treatment to 20 000 litersmanage microbiological quality is also recommended.

====Maintenance====

* Removal of debris and overhanging vegetation from gutters and the roof (preventing stagnation of water in the gutters) is required. Physical inspection and repairing cracks with cement is also needed.

== Application conditions ==The area should be suitable for [[rainwater harvesting]].   Manufacturing== Maintenance ==* Removal Material costs for EMAS tanks consist of debris sand and overhanging vegetation from gutters and the roof (preventing stagnation four 50 kg bags of water in the gutters). * Physical inspection and repairing cracks with cement.  == Considerations ==*Basic water quality testing is recommended during the first year, with further testing when water quality is in doubt. Eg. the 'HACH' pillo test, costing about US$ 1 per test. * Treatment to manage microbiological qualityfor each tank.

====Estimated Lifespan====

== Costs Cost==Material costs for EMAS tanks consist of sand and four 50 kg bags of cement for each tank.

Subsurface ferro-cement tanks of 60 m3 costs about US$ 1 900.

==Country experiences==

== Examples and initiatives Manuals==The Brazilian government, with support from organisations such as UNICEF and IRCSA (International Rainwater Catchment Systems Association) started a programme This [http://www.enviro-friendly.com/Tankmasta-Underground-Installation.pdf Underground tank installation Manual] by Tankmasta explains all the steps needed to construct one million rainwater tanks in Brazilbuild an underground tank.

With regard to the concrete block tanks, 40 community water tanks (supporting a few families each) were implemented successfully. Following this success, another 80 concrete block tanks will be build at household level. ==Movies==

==External Links==

* General [http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org www.rainwaterharvesting.org ] [http://www.unep.or.jp www.unep.or.jp ] [http://www.rainfoundation.org www.rainfoundation.org ]

* Recharge [http://www.practicafoundation.nl www.practicafoundation.nl ]

* Storage [http://www.emas-international.de www.emas-international.de]

Practica foundation is testing various options for low-cost storage and groundwater recharge like the "Reed cement tank" and the "Tube recharge". ==Underground tank manualFootnotes== This [http://www.enviro-friendly.com<references/Tankmasta-Underground-Installation.pdf Underground tank installation Manual] by Tankmasta explains all the steps needed to build an underground tank. >

{{Joinus}}==Acknowledgements==

== External links References==* General [http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org www.rainwaterharvesting.org ] [http://www.unep.or.jp www.unep.or.jp ] [http://www.rainfoundation.org www.rainfoundation.org ]* Recharge [http://www.practicafoundation.nl www.practicafoundation.nl ]* Storage [http://www.emas-international.de www.emas-international.de]

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