307
edits
Changes
绳子与水桶
,no edit summary
{{Language-box|english_link= Rope and bucket | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=绳子与水桶 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}
[[Image:rope and bucket icon.png|right|80px]]
[[Image:RopeandBucketphoto.jpg|thumb|right|200px|绳子与水桶装置。塞内加尔的考拉克地区,法斯•图库勒尔,图片来源:
[http://appropriateprojects.com/node/731 (Fass Toucouleur)法斯•图库勒尔水井改善工程Fass Toucouleur(法斯•图库勒尔)水井改善工程]]]__NOTOC__ <small-title />这一装置主要与手工挖掘井工具一同使用。将桶系在绳子上降到水中。当桶碰到水的时候会下沉并装满水,再用绳子把它拉上来。绳子可以由手拉动,运用滑轮或绕在绞盘上。有时,畜力牵拉可与滑轮一同使用。改良的装置会将绳子绕过滑轮,再用两只水桶——绳子两端各系一只水桶。对于浅于10米深的水而言,可以使用带有软管的绞盘,软管从水桶底部连到井的出水口。然而, 即使是水井受到保护,这一装置的卫生情况较差。绳桶装置主要用于手工挖掘井。将桶系在绳子上并降到水中,桶遇水后会下沉并打满水,随后再用绳子将其拉起。绳子可以由手拉动、运用滑轮或绕在绞盘上。有时,畜力牵拉可与滑轮一同使用。改良的装置中,绳子要绕过滑轮,还要用两只水桶(绳子两端各一只)。对于浅于10米的水,可使用带有软管的绞盘,软管从水桶底部连到井的出水口。然而,即使水井有防护装置,卫生情况仍较差。
===适宜条件===
- 通过畜力运作的绳与双桶提水装置每分钟能供水200多升<br>
| valign="top" | - 通过人力运作的绳桶提水装置每分钟仅能供水15升<br>
- 动物全年都需要养护,甚至不用灌溉时也要养护即使不用灌溉时,动物仍需要全年的养护<br>
- 传统的人畜运作设计相对低效(10-40%)<br>
|}
===建造、运作与维护===
[[Image:RopeandBucketdrawing.jpg|thumb|right|200px|绳桶提水装置。图片来源:WHO(世界卫生组织)]]
产水量:10米深时0.25 升/秒。
====维护====
Brikke和Bredero在其著作''[http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/om/linkingintro.pdf 社区供水与公共卫生中的技术选择与运行维护:规划师与项目工作者参考资料]'' 中,推荐下列图表中的运行与维护工作:
====潜在问题====
— Poor-quality rope deteriorates quickly (e.g. sisal rope lasts for only a few months); 劣质绳子会很快损坏(如,琼麻绳只能用几个月);<br>— The bucket falls into the well ... to prevent this, communities can keep a spare bucket and fit the bucket into a protective cage; 水桶可能会掉入井中……为防止这一点,社区可以留一个备用的水桶,并放在保护笼中;<br> — The hose breaks frequently in windlass-and-hose systems; 绞盘和软管装置中的软管会时常破裂;<br>— Poor hygiene, especially when the rope or bucket touches users’ hands or the ground; 卫生状况不佳,尤其是绳子或水桶与使用者的手或地面接触后;<br>— Communal wells tend to become more contaminated than family-owned wells, and the latter should be promoted whenever possible; 公共井比家庭私有井更容易遭受污染,应当尽可能推行后者;<br>— The rope-and-bucket system is only suitable for limited depths.绳桶装置只适用于有限深度。
===成本===
===实地经验===
===指南、视频与链接===
* [http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah810e/AH810E05.htm 3. REVIEW OF PUMPS AND WATER LIFTNG TECHNIQUES水泵与提水技术评述]. FAOFAO(联合国粮农组织).* [http://www.cd3wd.com/cd3wd_40/cd3wd/Practact/KnO-100410-human_animal_water_lifters.pdf HUMAN & ANIMAL POWERED WATER-LIFTING DEVICES FOR IRRIGATION用于灌溉的人力与畜力提水装置] (full PDF)(PDF全文). Practical ActionAction(实践基金会).* Extensive manual on water lifting methods: 提水方法广泛指南:[http://docs.watsan.net/Downloaded_Files/PDF/Baumann-2010-WASH.pdf WASH technology information packageWASH(水、环境卫生与个人卫生)技术信息包.] UNICEF, 2010UNICEF(联合国儿童基金会),2010.
===鸣谢===
* Brikke, François, and BrederoFrançois与Bredero, Maarten. [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/117705 Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation: A reference document for planners and project staff社区供水与公共卫生中的技术选择与运行维护:规划师与项目工作者参考资料] or 或([http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/om/wsh9241562153/en/ alternative link其它链接]). World Health Organization and Organization(世界卫生组织)和 IRC Water and Sanitation CentreCentre(IRC水与卫生中心). Geneva, Switzerland 瑞士日内瓦 2003.* [http://practicalaction.org/practicalanswers/product_info.php?products_id=378&attrib=1 Human- & Animal-Powered Water Lifters for Irrigation用于灌溉的人力与畜力提水装置.] Practical ActionAction(实践基金会).