67
edits
Changes
Chinese translation of English article "Groundwater recharge"
{{Language-box|english_link=Groundwater recharge - general|french_link=La recharge des eaux souterraines - généralités|spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon}}
地下水回灌是指通过渗透性水池，沟渠，大坝或注水井等人造运输方式来增加天然地下水的供给。含水层存储和修复(ASR)是地下水回灌的一个类型，它不仅可以增加地下水资源，还可以修复未来的水资源供各方面使用。
<small-title />
'''考虑因素：气候变化
'''<br>
* 需要更多储存容量来克服季节性干旱期以及减少洪涝。<br>
* 降雨强度过高会超出土地的渗透能力。这时可以增加存储，增强渗透力或采取人工回灌。 <br>
* 降雨量过低则会导致需要运输和储蓄其他地方的水。 <br>
* 植被的变化会引起蒸散，地表径流，侵蚀和泥沙输移或沉降等变化。这就需要良好的水土保护措施，例如修建梯田。
<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 5px solid #dedede; padding: 5px;">
{|cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration ponds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Infiltration ponds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour trench small.jpg|center|100px|link=Contour trenches]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour ridges small.jpg|center|100px|link=Contour ridges]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bunds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Bunds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:permeable rock dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Permeable rock dams]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration ponds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour trenches]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour ridges]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Bunds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Permeable rock dams]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:sand dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sand dam]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:check dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Check dams (gully plugs)]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:leaky dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Leaky dams]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:gabion small.jpg|center|100px|link=Gabions]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:controlled flooding small.jpg|center|100px|link=Controlled flooding / Spreading basins]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sand dam]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Check dams (gully plugs)]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Leaky dams]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Gabions]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Controlled_flooding_/_Spreading_basins|Controlled flooding /<br> Spreading basins]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:tube recharge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Tube recharge]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|100px|link=Infiltration wells]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:wells, shafts, boreholes small.jpg|center|100px|link=Wells, shafts, and boreholes]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Tube recharge]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Wells,_shafts,_and_boreholes|Wells, shafts, <br>and boreholes]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|}
</div>
<br>
<br>
===实践经验===
以下工程应用了地下水回灌技术，属于在[http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org][http://akvo.org/products/rsr/ 极简报告（RSR）] 中列出的项目。
<br>
{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 40%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"
<!--rsr logo here-->
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]
<!--project blocks here-->
|- style="vertical-align: bottom"
|[[Image:project 446.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ RSR工程446]<br>工程前期研究
</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ ]]
|[[Image:project 600.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ RSR工程600]<br>社区WASH工程及安全孕产工程</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ ]]
|}
<br>
===地下水回灌链接===
* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf 3R 智能方法]
* <font size="3">[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm 非洲地下水文学档案]</font>：该档案是一个可搜索数据库，包含已发表和未发表的关于非洲地下水的各类文献，其中有报告，期刊文章， 会议论文和地图。该数据库的很多文档都可免费下载；不可下载的文档则会提供在线摘要的链接，无在线资源的文档则会提供完整的书目参考文献。
* [http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/documents/Brochures/sust-groundwater.pdf 非洲南部和东部地下水资源的可持续发展。] 国际原子能机构。
* [http://www.hpscste.gov.in/rwh/Blue_Drop_Series_02_-_Capacity_Building.pdf 雨水收集和利用。] 或 ([http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/154206 链接任选其一])。蓝水滴系列：第二册：受益者与能力建设者。联合国人居署。
* [[Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)|含水层补给管理（MAR）]]
* 大量关于农业用水的百科知识：[http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/ 农业百科]
<br>
===鸣谢===
* Tuinhof, Albert and Heederik, Jan Piet. [http://docs.watsan.net/Downloaded_Files/PDF/Tuinhof-2002-Management.pdf Management of Aquifer Recharge and Subsurface Storage] or ([http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWRD/Resources/GWMATE_Final_booklet.pdf alternative link]). Netherlands National Committee for the IAH and Netherlands Hydrological Society. 2002.
* [http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/aquiferrecharge.cfm Aquifer Recharge (AR) and Aquifer Storage & Recovery (ASR)]. United States EPA.
* [http://www.uneca.org/acpc/about_acpc/policy_documents/papers/WP6-Groundwater%20final%20draft.pdf Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation.] United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.
* CARE Nederland, Desk Study: [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas]]. October 2010.
[[Category:地下水回灌]]
[[Category:雨水收集]]
[[Category:水]]
地下水回灌是指通过渗透性水池，沟渠，大坝或注水井等人造运输方式来增加天然地下水的供给。含水层存储和修复(ASR)是地下水回灌的一个类型，它不仅可以增加地下水资源，还可以修复未来的水资源供各方面使用。
<small-title />
'''考虑因素：气候变化
'''<br>
* 需要更多储存容量来克服季节性干旱期以及减少洪涝。<br>
* 降雨强度过高会超出土地的渗透能力。这时可以增加存储，增强渗透力或采取人工回灌。 <br>
* 降雨量过低则会导致需要运输和储蓄其他地方的水。 <br>
* 植被的变化会引起蒸散，地表径流，侵蚀和泥沙输移或沉降等变化。这就需要良好的水土保护措施，例如修建梯田。
<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 5px solid #dedede; padding: 5px;">
{|cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration ponds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Infiltration ponds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour trench small.jpg|center|100px|link=Contour trenches]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour ridges small.jpg|center|100px|link=Contour ridges]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bunds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Bunds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:permeable rock dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Permeable rock dams]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration ponds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour trenches]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour ridges]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Bunds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Permeable rock dams]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:sand dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sand dam]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:check dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Check dams (gully plugs)]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:leaky dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Leaky dams]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:gabion small.jpg|center|100px|link=Gabions]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:controlled flooding small.jpg|center|100px|link=Controlled flooding / Spreading basins]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sand dam]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Check dams (gully plugs)]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Leaky dams]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Gabions]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Controlled_flooding_/_Spreading_basins|Controlled flooding /<br> Spreading basins]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:tube recharge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Tube recharge]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|100px|link=Infiltration wells]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:wells, shafts, boreholes small.jpg|center|100px|link=Wells, shafts, and boreholes]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Tube recharge]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Wells,_shafts,_and_boreholes|Wells, shafts, <br>and boreholes]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|}
</div>
<br>
<br>
===实践经验===
以下工程应用了地下水回灌技术，属于在[http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org][http://akvo.org/products/rsr/ 极简报告（RSR）] 中列出的项目。
<br>
{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 40%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"
<!--rsr logo here-->
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]
<!--project blocks here-->
|- style="vertical-align: bottom"
|[[Image:project 446.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ RSR工程446]<br>工程前期研究
</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ ]]
|[[Image:project 600.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ RSR工程600]<br>社区WASH工程及安全孕产工程</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ ]]
|}
<br>
===地下水回灌链接===
* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf 3R 智能方法]
* <font size="3">[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm 非洲地下水文学档案]</font>：该档案是一个可搜索数据库，包含已发表和未发表的关于非洲地下水的各类文献，其中有报告，期刊文章， 会议论文和地图。该数据库的很多文档都可免费下载；不可下载的文档则会提供在线摘要的链接，无在线资源的文档则会提供完整的书目参考文献。
* [http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/documents/Brochures/sust-groundwater.pdf 非洲南部和东部地下水资源的可持续发展。] 国际原子能机构。
* [http://www.hpscste.gov.in/rwh/Blue_Drop_Series_02_-_Capacity_Building.pdf 雨水收集和利用。] 或 ([http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/154206 链接任选其一])。蓝水滴系列：第二册：受益者与能力建设者。联合国人居署。
* [[Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)|含水层补给管理（MAR）]]
* 大量关于农业用水的百科知识：[http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/ 农业百科]
<br>
===鸣谢===
* Tuinhof, Albert and Heederik, Jan Piet. [http://docs.watsan.net/Downloaded_Files/PDF/Tuinhof-2002-Management.pdf Management of Aquifer Recharge and Subsurface Storage] or ([http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWRD/Resources/GWMATE_Final_booklet.pdf alternative link]). Netherlands National Committee for the IAH and Netherlands Hydrological Society. 2002.
* [http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/aquiferrecharge.cfm Aquifer Recharge (AR) and Aquifer Storage & Recovery (ASR)]. United States EPA.
* [http://www.uneca.org/acpc/about_acpc/policy_documents/papers/WP6-Groundwater%20final%20draft.pdf Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation.] United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.
* CARE Nederland, Desk Study: [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas]]. October 2010.
[[Category:地下水回灌]]
[[Category:雨水收集]]
[[Category:水]]