===Pumps===
[[Image:MAPET_and_Vacutug_system.PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[MAPET and Vacutug system |MAPET and Vacutug system]], in Tanzania (for credits, click the picture)]]
Some sanitation technologies can only be emptied manually, for example, the [[Fossa Alterna]] or [[Dehydration Vaults]]. These technologies must be emptied with a shovel because the material is solid and cannot be removed with a vacuum or a pump. When sludge is viscous or watery it should be emptied with a hand-pump, a MAPET or a vacuum truck, and not with buckets because of the high risk of collapsing pits, toxic fumes, and exposure to the unsanitized sludge. The type of emptying that can, and should be employed, is very specific to the technology that needs emptying.
===Adequacy===
[[Image:MAPET_and_Vacutug_system.PNG|thumb|right|200px|[[MAPET and Vacutug system |MAPET and Vacutug system]], in Tanzania (for credits, click the picture)]]
Hand-pumps are appropriate for areas that are either not served by vacuum trucks, where vacuumtruck emptying is too costly, or where narrow streets and poor roads may limit the ability of a vacuum truck to access the site. The hand-pump is a significant improvement over the bucket method and could prove to be a sustainable business opportunity in some regions. The MAPET is also well suited to dense, urban and informal settlements, although in both cases, the distance to a suitable sludge discharge point is a limiting factor. These technologies are more feasible when there is a [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank]] or [[Sewer Discharge Station]] nearby.