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Chlorination in piped systems

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Flow chlorinators continuously feed small quantities of a weak chlorine solution to a flow of fresh water, often at the inlet of a clear-water reservoir. Usually, a small reservoir containing the chlorine solution is placed on top of the water reservoir and the solution is administered close to the point where fresh water comes in, and turbulence guarantees good mixing. A special device, such as the floating bowl chlorinator, enables precise dosage. Sometimes a special electric pump is used for this purpose. Electrical devices that convert a solution of kitchen salt to active chlorine can be purchased for on-site chlorine production. Small test kits are also available for monitoring and for adjusting chlorine doses to the water quality and quantity. Chlorine-producing compounds must always be stored and prepared with care.

'''Yield'': Generally, 350–1400 m3 of treated water per kg of a 70% chlorine compound.

==Suitable conditions==

'''Area of use''': Wherever drinking-water needs to be disinfected and chlorine is available.

==Costs==

'''Initial cost''': A chlorinator and hoses can cost as little as US$ 15, but there will be additional costs for the tank, for the concentrated chlorine solution, and for the construction costs of a protective shelter.

==Acknowledgements==

* Brikke, François, and Bredero, Maarten. [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/om/wsh9241562153/en ''Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation: A reference document for planners and project staff'']. World Health Organization and IRC Water and Sanitation Centre. Geneva, Switzerland 2003.

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