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沙坝

460 bytes removed, 04:31, 22 September 2015
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====取水====
沙坝竣工后,必须建一个取水出口,用于饮水、农业等用途。用手挖勺洞是最简单的方法,但水容易受污染。有盖浅井,无论带不带有[[Handpumps]](手压泵)或[[Rope pump]](拉绳泵),都可以更好地保护水资源。也可以建造带有龙头的出水管来取水。关于沙坝的某些设计中,水管能运用重力输送水资源''经过''坝墙。据称,由于入水口堵塞或出水口龙头损坏,以及可能引起坝墙松动,取水管运作不良。而直接抽水的地方,污染的风险会增加。在这种情况下,应该提倡家庭用水的处理(如,[[Sodis]](太阳能消毒))。<br>
[[Image:Sand dam scoop hole.JPG|thumb|right|200px|运用勺洞法从河床取地下水。肯尼亚基图伊区。来源: [http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-sources/hardware/precipitation-harvesting/sand-dams HOOGMOED (2007).]]]
====维护====
If done timely, the maintenance required is not costly. Small malfunctions in the dam however can lead to destruction of the entire dam. Therefore, the dam should be regularly checked for cracks and damage. Particularly after floods, and extreme temperature changes cracks are likely. These need to be repaired as soon as possible by a trained mason. During the dry season, raised-sand dams should be raised by a maximum of 50 cm if the reservoir has filled up.如果及时维护,所需的维护成本并不会很高。然而即使是沙坝出现小故障,也能导致整座沙坝遭到毁坏。因此需要定期检查沙坝有无裂缝和损坏。尤其是在洪水过后,以及极端气温变化之下,沙坝很有产生裂缝。这些裂缝需要尽可能及时地由熟练的石匠进行修复。在旱季,如果水库是满的,则已提高的沙坝需要再提升到最高50厘米的范围内。如果及时维护,所需的维护成本并不会很高。然而即使是沙坝出现小故障,也能导致整座沙坝遭到毁坏。因此需要定期检查沙坝有无裂缝和损坏。尤其是在洪水过后,以及极端气温变化之下,沙坝很可能产生裂缝。这些裂缝需由熟练的石匠进行修复,越及时越好。在旱季,如果水库是满的,则已提高的沙坝需要再提升到最高50厘米的范围内。
Further, the outlet and upstream riverbed should be cleaned regularly to make sure the dam does not get blocked. Silt, rocks, dead animals, etc. should be removed regularly. This can also help prevent contamination of the water. The quality of the water in the well should be checked, once in a while, by an expert. 而且,出水口和上游河床需要定期清理,确保沙坝不会堵塞。淤泥、石块和动物死尸等需要定期清除。这也能帮助防止水污染。井中的水质需要间或由专家进行检查。
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