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UV treatment with lamps

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[[Image:UV lamps.jpg|thumb|right|300px|In Bhupalpur, India, Ashok Gadgil's ultraviolet-light water purification system treats water from a public well. Photo: [http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/ima/gadgil_bio.html Ashok Gadgil.]]]

UV irradiation (using lamps in particular) provides a quick and effective way of disinfecting water supply from harmful bacteria without leaving a chemical residue, like the one chlorine leaves. Usually it is used as one step in the process of making water safe to drink. Other steps include filtration and/or reverse osmosis. But in general, UV light (whether by sun of lamps) has demonstrated efficacy against pathogenic organisms, including those responsible for cholera, polio, typhoid, hepatitis and other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases.<ref> Trojan UV: [http://trojanuv.com/uv-disinfection Introduction to UV Disinfection]</ref> Special low-pressure mercury vapor lamps produce UV radiation at 253.7nm, the optimal wavelength for disinfection.<ref>[http://www.hitechultraviolet.com/ultraviolet.html HiTech Ultraviolet Pvt. Ltd.] </ref>

The set up for UV disinfection of small or household water supplies consists of submerged lamps or lamps in the air and mounted above a thin layer of the water to be irradiated. In the units with submerged lamps, the lamps are covered with a protective, UV-penetrable as protection from the electrical hazards associated with water. Water can be treated on a batch basis by placing the lamp in a container of water for several minutes or longer, or on a flow-through basis in a housing or channel, with the water flowing parallel or perpendicular to the lamp(s).

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