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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Catchment and storage dams

24 bytes added, 19:59, 17 April 2012

→‎Water extraction and treatment

* Direct abstraction is one option, via a bank-mounted pump (motorized pump or [[Handpumps]]) which uses a floating intake to reduce sediment intake. An outlet pipe and strainer through the dam wall to the downstream side is another option, but these have potential problems of weakening the dam wall. In addition, piping will have to be secured externally when traversing rocks, so care has to be taken to secure pipes with anchor posts.

* With preventive methods to reduce turbidity (silt trap, extraction method) the water is still turbid & contaminated and will require treatment.

* For direct abstraction, promotion of household water treatment is advocated. Choice of household water treatment technology should be based on efficiency of removing contaminants present in the water. For open water that may be prone to cyanobacterial blooms, biosand filters are a [[Concrete Biosand Filter]] is a good choice due to their its ability to remove cyanobacterial toxins. Other technologies however may be more suitable for mobile communities (e.g. SODIS [[Sodis]] or ceramic filtersa [[Ceramic pot filter]], depending on turbidity levels). For reservoirs near urban environments or where the runoff area has intensive agriculture practised in its vicinity, diversification of water resources is a good idea to provide alternatives for direct drinking purposes. Strengthening controls and restrictions on use of illegal substances will also help.

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