Difference between revisions of "Practitioner's Tool / Secondary Treatment Methods"
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| − | [[File:constructed wetlands.jpg|center|170px|link=Constructed Wetlands]]<br/> | + | [[File:constructed wetlands.jpg|center|170px|link=Practitioner's Tool / Constructed Wetlands]]<br/>[[Practitioner's Tool / Constructed_Wetlands|Constructed Wetlands]] |
| − | [[Constructed_Wetlands|Constructed Wetlands]] | ||
| For septic tank or primary treated effluent. Sites with no power, where land is plentiful. Useful where soils are shallow, unlike lagoons that require greater depth<br/> | | For septic tank or primary treated effluent. Sites with no power, where land is plentiful. Useful where soils are shallow, unlike lagoons that require greater depth<br/> | ||
| Moderate - The media, typically crushed stone and liner material are significant cost items<br/> | | Moderate - The media, typically crushed stone and liner material are significant cost items<br/> | ||
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| − | [[File:Cocopeat1.jpg|center|170px|link=Cocopeat Filters]]<br/> | + | [[File:Cocopeat1.jpg|center|170px|link=Practitioner's Tool / Cocopeat Filters]]<br/>[[Practitioner's Tool / Cocopeat_Filters|Cocopeat Filters]] |
| − | [[Cocopeat_Filters|Cocopeat Filters]] | ||
| Cocopeat, sand and gravel can be used as filtration media for secondary treatment. Used as intermittent flow or recirculating filters. Use these systems where local materials are available<br/> | | Cocopeat, sand and gravel can be used as filtration media for secondary treatment. Used as intermittent flow or recirculating filters. Use these systems where local materials are available<br/> | ||
| Low - When locally available materials can be used for the filter media | | Low - When locally available materials can be used for the filter media | ||
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| − | [[File:Oxidationditch.png|center|170px|link= | + | [[File:Oxidationditch.png|center|170px|link=Practitioner's Tool / Aerobic Systems]]<br/>[[Practitioner's Tool / Aerobic Systems | Aerobic Systems]] |
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| For sites where power is available and land area for wastewater is limited and expensive | | For sites where power is available and land area for wastewater is limited and expensive | ||
| Variable – Cost per cubic meter of treatment drops as size of the systems increase. For very large systems, the cost per cubic meter treated can be very low | | Variable – Cost per cubic meter of treatment drops as size of the systems increase. For very large systems, the cost per cubic meter treated can be very low | ||
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| − | [[File:RBC.png|center|170px|link=Rotating Biological Contactors]]<br> | + | [[File:RBC.png|center|170px|link=Practitioner's Tool / Rotating Biological Contactors]]<br>[[Practitioner's Tool / Rotating_Biological_Contactors|Rotating Biological Contactors]] |
| − | [[Rotating_Biological_Contactors|Rotating Biological Contactors]] | ||
| Requires electricity. Generally used for small to medium-sized residential or commercial sources. Useful when land area for wastewater treatment is limited | | Requires electricity. Generally used for small to medium-sized residential or commercial sources. Useful when land area for wastewater treatment is limited | ||
| High - Manufactured and electrical components generally not locally available except in largest municipal centers | | High - Manufactured and electrical components generally not locally available except in largest municipal centers | ||
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| High - When sized properly, can remove high percentage of pollution in wastewater. Requires generator to keep system operational during power outages<br/> | | High - When sized properly, can remove high percentage of pollution in wastewater. Requires generator to keep system operational during power outages<br/> | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:41, 22 November 2016
| Secondary Treatment |
Appropriate Use |
Relative Cost |
Operations and Maintenance |
Effectiveness |
 Constructed Wetlands |
For septic tank or primary treated effluent. Sites with no power, where land is plentiful. Useful where soils are shallow, unlike lagoons that require greater depth |
Moderate - The media, typically crushed stone and liner material are significant cost items |
Low - Periodic plant weeding and plant maintenance required | High - Can be highly effective and will produce discharge quality effluent when sized properly |
 Cocopeat Filters |
Cocopeat, sand and gravel can be used as filtration media for secondary treatment. Used as intermittent flow or recirculating filters. Use these systems where local materials are available |
Low - When locally available materials can be used for the filter media | Low - For cocopeat systems, will require raking of the surface every few months and replacement of the media every 2 to 3 years | High - Can be highly effective and reduces biochemical oxygen demands and total suspended solids |
 Aerobic Systems |
For sites where power is available and land area for wastewater is limited and expensive | Variable – Cost per cubic meter of treatment drops as size of the systems increase. For very large systems, the cost per cubic meter treated can be very low | High – Requires specific knowledge of process control, instrumentation and electronics | Variable to High - Can be custom designed for a wide variety of wastewater strengths and variability |
 Rotating Biological Contactors |
Requires electricity. Generally used for small to medium-sized residential or commercial sources. Useful when land area for wastewater treatment is limited | High - Manufactured and electrical components generally not locally available except in largest municipal centers | Moderate - Lubrication of shaft and removal of biosolids required periodically. Electrical components must be checked frequently for corrosion | High - When sized properly, can remove high percentage of pollution in wastewater. Requires generator to keep system operational during power outages |
