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Biosolids are spread on the ground surface using conventional manure spreaders, tank trucks or specially designed vehicles. More liquid biosolids (e.g. from anaerobic reactors) can be sprayed onto, or injected into, the ground. Dewatered biosolids may be ‘flung’, which is most common in forests.
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- May pose public health risk, depending on the quality and application. <br> - Odours are normally noticeable (depending on prior treatment). <br> - May require special spreading equipment. <br> - Micropollutants may accumulate in the soil and contaminate groundwater.
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==Adequacy==
Spreading equipment must be maintained to ensure continued use. The amount and rate of biosolid application should be monitored to prevent overloading and thus, the potential for nutrient pollution.
==Acknowledgements==
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==Referencesand external links== * Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)
* U.S. EPA (1999). Biosolids Generation, Use, and Disposal in the United States, EPA-530/R-99-009. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C. Available: http://www.epa.gov
* U.S. EPA (1994). A Plain English Guide to the EPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule, EPA832-R-93-003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C. Available: http://www.epa.gov