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Direct support is structured support to service providers and users or user groups related to the operation and management of water, sanitation and hygiene services.
Direct support is always related to a particular project, programme or geographical area. [[Expenditure Indirect Support (ExpIDS)|Expenditure on indirect support]] is about creating and regulating the enabling environment for water, sanitation and hygiene services and is not particular to a programme or project.
===Examples===
'''Institutional arrangements for direct support''' <br>
There are different institutional arrangements for the provision of direct support. Which model is most appropriate or cost-effective depends on the country context (Smits, 2012). Table 1 shows the five main types of arrangements.
The smallest cost component is field activities or work with an average around US$ 0.01 per capita per year (Nyarko, 2012). This cost is mainly expenditure on fuel, lubricants, field gadgets and allowance for officers. Districts from the Volta region (VR) have high field activities cost compared to the rest mainly due to high allowance and frequency of visits. Moreover, cost of field activities which covers monitoring and evaluation of WASH facilities, management systems and user groups is the smallest direct cost component from the study.
===Key documents===
* Kayser, G. et al., 2010. Assessing the Impact of Post-Construction Support—The Circuit Rider Model—on System Performance and Sustainability in Community-Managed Water Supply: Evidence from El Salvador. In: Smits, S. et al. (eds.), 2010. Proceedings of an international symposium. Kampala, 13-15 April 2010. The Hague: Thematic Group on Scaling Up Rural Water Services.
* Júlia Zita, Arjen Naafs, 2011. Cost of PEC-Zonal Activities in Mozambique, [http://www.washcost.info/page/1804 Analysis of contract costs from 2008 up to 2011], Briefing Note Moz. D 01. [Accessed 21 December 2012]
===Links===
<div id="WASHCost">'''WASHCost'''</div>