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Concrete Biosand Filter

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[[Image:concrete biosand filter.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Bio Sand Filter in Kumbo, Cameroon. Photo: [http://www.lwdgc-africa.org/15.html LWDG Cameroon.]]]

[[Image:CAWST_Biosand.png|thumb|right|300px| Cross-section through a concrete biosand filter]]

The biosand filter (BSF) is an adaptation of the traditional slow sand filter, which has been used for community water treatment for hundreds of years. The BSF is smaller and adapted for intermittent use, making it suitable for households.

==Construction, operations and maintenance==

[[Image:CAWST_Biosand.png|thumb|right|300px| Cross-section through a concrete biosand filter]]

The concrete BSF typically uses a box about 0.9 m tall by 0.3 m square, or about 0.3 m in diameter. The filter box is cast from a steel mold or made with pre-fabricated pipe. The container is filled with layers of sieved and washed sand and gravel (also referred to as filter media). There is a standing water height of 5 cm above the sand layer. The different layers trap and eliminate sediments, pathogens and other impurities from the water. Similar to in slow sand filters, a biological layer of microorganisms (also known as the biolayer or schmutzedecke) develops at the sand surface, which contributes to the water treatment. This biological layer matures over one to three weeks, depending on volume of water put through the filter and the amount of nutrients and micro-organisms in the water.

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