View source for Practitioner's Tool / Primary Treatment Methods

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|width=20%| '''Primary Treatment'''
|width=20%| '''Appropriate Use'''
|width=20%| '''Relative Cost'''
|width=20%| '''Operations and Maintenance'''
|width=20%| '''Effectiveness'''
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[[File:Primtreatpic.png|none|100px|link=Practitioner's Tool / Technology and Operation / Septic_Tanks]]<br/>
[[Practitioner's Tool / Technology and Operation / Septic_Tanks|Septic Tanks]]<br>
[[Septic Tank]]
| Residential or commercial sources with a population loading of less than 25 people<br/>
| Low - Can be constructed using local materials and labor<br/>
| Needs to be de-sludged every 3 to 5 years<br/>
| Moderate - Can reduce 40% to 60% of pollution loading<br/>
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[[File:Sewlag1.jpg|none|100px|link=Practitioner's Tool / Technology and Operation / Sewage Lagoons]]<br/>
[[Practitioner's Tool / Technology and Operation / Sewage_Lagoons|Sewage Lagoons]]
| Small community or institutional sources, such as hospitals. Must be located well away from residential communities due to potential for odors and nuisances<br/>
| Low for areas where available land is plentiful and low value<br/>
| Low - Systems still require routine operation and maintenance tasks such as monitoring, weed and trash removal, scum and biosolids management<br/>
| Can be very effective as primary treatment devices. May also be designed for secondary treatment<br/>
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[[File:Abr1.jpg|none|100px|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactors (ABRs)]]<br/>
[[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) 1|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR) 1]]<br>
[[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) 2|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR) 2]]
| Residential or commercial facilities with a population loading of between 25 and 200 people<br/>
| Low - May be constructed with local materials and labor<br/>
| Low - Periodic desludging is required<br/>
| Good - Generally better performance than septic tanks.&nbsp; Can remove 75% of the pollution load<br/>
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[[File:Biogas 2.jpg|none|100px|link=Biogas Systems]]<br/>
[[Biogas_Systems|Biogas Systems]]
| For animal manure or other high strength waste.&nbsp; Can be used for small community systems that combine waste from fish and animal operations, people and commercial activities<br/>
| Moderate - Some systems require tight specifications on construction<br/>
| Moderate - Take care to ensure the source wastewater is free of chemicals or disinfectants which can kill microbes that produce biogas<br/>
| Ineffective for human waste only.&nbsp; When waste includes animal manure, may produce enough biogas to meet cooking fuel demands
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