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The costs of water, sanitation and hygiene services include expenditure on construction of water and sanitation systems, operation and maintenance and eventual rehabilitation of infrastructure. It also includes training and support to service providers, cost of capital, and expenditures for monitoring, planning and policy making. They are often referred to as life cycle costs; the costs of delivering water, sanitation and hygiene services indefinitely to a specific population in a particular geographic area, forever.
[[Expenditure Indirect Support (ExpIDS)|Expenditure on indirect support (ExpIDS)]] includes government national level planning and policy making, plus developing and maintaining frameworks and institutional arrangements and capacity building for professionals and technicians. Expenditures on indirect support are not tied to a particular programme or project.
===Examples==
====World Bank-RWSN [https://worldbankva.adobeconnect.com/_a833642795/p5zjz7cg7mp/?launcher=false&fcsContent=true&pbMode=normal Webinar] life cycle costing====
In this webinar on life cycle costing, Catarina Fonseca, IRC senior Programme Officer and the [[#WASHCost|WASHCost]] project director, explains the life cycle cost components. This webinar was part of the World Bank-RWSN Webinar 7, May 15 2012.
===Cost benchmarks===
Based on research from the [[#WASHCost|WASHCost]] project, the one-time capital expenditure for preparing and installing a borehole and handpump (at 2011 prices) range from US$ 20 per person to just over US$ 60 per person (see table 1). For small piped schemes, including mechanised boreholes, benchmark costs range from US$ 30 to just over US$ 130 per person. For intermediate and larger schemes benchmark capital costs vary widely from US$ 20 to US$ 152 per person. Recurrent costs benchmarks range from US$ 3 to US$ 6 per person per year for boreholes and handpumps, and from US$ 3 to US$ 15 per person per year for piped schemes.
[[Image:Costs fg 3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Source: Koestler, Koestler and Koestler, 2010]]
===Key documents===
* Fonseca, C. et al., 2010a. [http://www.washcost.info/page/1557 Life-cycle costs approach: glossary and cost components]. (WASHCost briefing note; no. 1). The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
* Fonseca, C. et al., 2010b. [http://www.washcost.info/docsearch/title/176684 A multi dimensional framework for costing sustainable water and sanitation services in low-income settings]: lessons from collecting actual life cycle costs for rural and peri-urban areas of Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Andhra Pradesh. (WASHCost research report; V1.0). The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
* Pezon, C., 2010. [http://www.washcost.info/page/842 Decentralisation and the use of cost data in WASHCost project countries: synthesis of country reports 2009]. (WASHCost briefing note; no. 2). [online] The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre.
===Links===
<div id="WASHCost">'''WASHCost'''</div>
* WASHCost was a five-year action research programme, running from 2008 to 2012. The WASHCost team gathered information related to the costs of providing water, sanitation, and hygiene services for an entire life-cycle of a service - from implementation all the way to post-construction. The WASHCost programme was led by IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre with several partners to collect data in the rural and peri-urban areas of Burkina Faso, Ghana, India, and Mozambique. For more information see [http://www.washcost.info WASHCost].