=== 6.1 Conclusions===
Large parts of the coastal zone of Central Java are transforming from a rural areas into industrial/residential zones. This will benefit the socio-economic development of the region, but,
at the same time, this transition poses the biggest threat for the coastal area: land-subsidence and flooding, water pollution and loss of riverine and marine ecosystems is to be expected.
The provincial government of Central Java mainly focuses on the socio-economic benefits
and facilitates this transition. However, more focus is needed on the sustainability aspects
focuses on available space, connections and low wages, while linkages to departments that
are focussing on sustainability issues (e.g. departments focusing on groundwater and mangrove restoration) are lacking.
In the ICZM project, the province wanted to focus on managing the mangrove degradation.
However, this degradation problem (however relevant) is already widely recognized and several initiatives are ongoing to restore and conserve mangrove areas. The focus on industry is
lacking possibly because this is a sensitive topic.
While industrialisation seems to be highly appreciated and facilitated, fisheries, aquaculture
and agriculture, on the other hand, are regarded as of secondary importance. Given the importance of these sectors for the employment of low-skilled laborers and the food security of
Indonesia, it is recommended to give more attention (and appreciation) to these sectors: sustainable fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture are an integral, important part of any IZCM
plan.
6.2 Recommendations
Below several recommendations are listed divided structured along the 5 capacities as provided in the table below:
picture[[File:Recommendation table of ICZM central Java.png|center|frame]] ==== Institutional capacity ====* Produce a clear vision on the future of the coastal zone as this will allow all different involved parties to work towards the same goal related to sustainable development of the coast of Central Java. The use of scenario’s (different population growth, climate change scenario’s and economic development) will help to implement adaptive planning.* A Central Java ICZM Protocol (signed by all stakeholders including a vision) might contribute to better vertical and horizontal coordination. A supporting and monitoring centre (like PAP/RAC) would also be beneficial as this keeps all stakeholders aware of the commitments under such a Protocol and can support implementation of (sectoral) policies based on the Protocol.* It is highly recommended that the province widens their current IZCM scope to probably the most important ICZM topic: managing the impact of industrialization and urbanisation in the coastal zone. Conserving groundwater reserves in subsidence-prone areas, state-of-the art waste water treatment and effective waste management should be integral part of the development of industrial parks. To do so the departments working on natural resources and the industrial department need to be better connected. This could for example be done by setting up a monthly ICZM meeting with all departments (incl. industry) to discuss ongoing matters in the coastal zone.* Future development challenges regarding climate change, natural disasters, and rapid development dynamics require planning tools that can respond to changes that occur more dynamically. Also we suggest taking up clear indicators (as specific as possible) in spatial plans so that all involved parties know what is expected of them. This also makes enforcement easier ==== Knowledge capacity ====* In the last years an ICZM centre was developed at UNDIP. A suggestion is to always have an expert of the ICZM centre involved in big coastal developments so that the ICZM elements and perspectives are always addressed early in the development process. ==== Connective capacity ====* Creating an inclusive process in which all stakeholders are treated equally and involved early on ensures that the vision and strategy are supported by most actors that are involved in the coastal area. This does not only include local governments but also e.g. nature organizations and representation from industries.* Planning tools also need to open up opportunities for community involvement and be in line with existing technological developments* There is an opportunity to connect to stakeholders such as industrial companies and together work on the sustainability of the area by for example signing an agreement on what it means to have a sustainable business in central java. For example the Alliance for Water Stewardship model can be used here.
Institutional ==== Financing capacity====• Produce a clear vision on the future of the coastal zone as this will allow all differentinvolved parties * To implement projects that contribute to ICZM financing is needed. In order to work towards the same goal related attract private finance for ICZM projects one needs to sustainable developmentof generate revenues, direct cash income flows for the coast of Central Javaproject initiator or developer. The use of scenario’s (different population growth, climate change scenario’s These can come from land reclamation and economic urban development) will help to implement adaptiveplanning.• A Central Java ICZM Protocol Yearly incomes (signed by all stakeholders including a visionrevenues) mightcontribute can be used to better vertical and horizontal coordination. A supporting and monitoring centre (like PAP/RAC) would also be beneficial as this keeps all stakeholdersaware of the commitments under such a Protocol and can support implementationof (sectoral) policies based on the Protocolpay for operating costs.• It is highly recommended that the province widens their current IZCM scope advised toprobably actively ensure pivate sector involvement (i.e. the most important ICZM topic: managing the impact management of industrializationand urbanisation in the coastal zone. Conserving groundwater reserves in subsidence-prone areasindustrial area, state-management oftoll-the art waste water road, commercial tax, construction tax) to implement ICZM projects (such as wastewater treatment plants and effective waste management should be integral part making fresh water available from surface water instead of the development of industrial parks. To do so thedepartments working on natural resources and the industrial department need to bebetter connected. This could for example be done by setting up a monthly ICZMmeeting with all departments (incl. letting industry) to discuss ongoing matters in thecoastal zone.• Future development challenges regarding climate change, natural disasters, andrapid development dynamics require planning tools that can respond to changesthat occur more dynamically. Also we suggest taking pump up clear indicators (as specificas possibleground water) in spatial plans so that all involved parties know what is expected ofthem. This also makes enforcement easier
Knowledge capacity• In the last years an ICZM centre was developed at UNDIP. A suggestion is to alwayshave an expert of the ICZM centre involved in big coastal developments so that theICZM elements and perspectives are always addressed early in the development process.Connective capacity• Creating an inclusive process in which all stakeholders are treated equally and involved early on ensures that the vision and strategy are supported by most actorsthat are involved in the coastal area. This does not only include local governmentsbut also e.g. nature organizations and representation from industries.• Planning tools also need to open up opportunities for community involvement andbe in line with existing technological developments• There is an opportunity to connect to stakeholders such as industrial companies andtogether work on the sustainability of the area by for example signing an agreementon what it means to have a sustainable business in central java. For example the Alliance for Water Stewardship model can be used here.Financing capacity• To implement projects that contribute to ICZM financing is needed. In order to attract private finance for ICZM projects one needs to generate revenues, direct cashincome flows for the project initiator or developer. These can come from land reclamation and urban development. Yearly incomes (revenues) can be used to pay foroperating costs. It is advised to actively ensure pivate sector involvement (i.e. themanagement of the industrial area, management of toll-road, commercial tax, construction tax) to implement ICZM projects (such as wastewater treatment plants andmaking fresh water available from surface water instead of letting industry pump upground water).==== Learning capacity====• * Learning and developing knowledge and capacities are elements that are crosscutting and needed in every government organisation. To be able to adapt to and improve future situations good monitoring and evaluation is needed. As ICZM is new toCentral Java, there is not yet a standard monitoring and evaluation system. Our recommendation is to implement a plan-do-check-act cycle in which policy and implementation of policy is checked in reality so that proper adjustments can be madewhenever needed.• * It is suggested to give trainings on ICZM throughout the province as a whole (alsothe departments that are involved in general spatial planning and industrial development) so staff will become aware of the complexity that is present in the coastalzone.