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Natural rock catchment and Open water reservoir

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[[Image:RockCatchment.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rock catchment project in Kitui, Kenya. <br> Photo: [http://www.friendsofkitui.com/rockcatch.htm Friends of Kitui.]]]

The technique applied Rock catchment dams are developed from a rock outcrop to catch and concentrate rainwater runoff into a storage structure for utilizing rocks for water supply productive use. In arid and semi-arid lands with large rock outcrops, a lot of runoff is called rainwater harvesting generated after rains. Through development of rock surface into a catchment, the runoff can be harvested and the structures built stored for harvesting rainwater from rocks are called rock catchmentsdomestic and livestock use to alleviate water shortages.  These are naturally occurring catchments of bare rock that have high runoff coefficients (around 0.9). Water can be stored as an open reservoir behind a retaining structure, with storage capacities ranging from 20 – 4,000 m3, or can be stored directly in a covered storage tank that collects water directly from the catchment. The capacity of rocks to supply water is significant, because a rock surface of 1 hectare (10,000 square metres = 2.47 acres) can provide 1,000 cubic metres (1 million litres) from every 100 millimetre of rain. Even low and erratic showers can supply large volumes of water provided the rock area is sufficiently large enough to compensate for the low rainfall.

The Kitui district in Kenya has over 400 rock catchment tanks and dams.

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